Managers at Flames, a restaurant chain, train their employees such that in the absence of employees, someone trained in the same skills can step in and do the job equally well. Thus, many modt training are extensive as they provide employees with details of the skill sets required for different jobs. In practice, this lengthy training program does help the company as a well$-$trained and flexi workforce is at their disposal at all times. The managers at Flames use

a$.$ vertical enhancement

b$.$ telecommuting

c$.$ job sharing

d$.$ flextime

e$.$ job rotation