mar (fre an Si EOS1 plzz vz 122 V2 Question 11 (C): The Niger River to the third-longest river in Africa, running for 4,180 km (2,600 miles) from its source in south-eastern Guinea, through Mali, Niger and Nigeria, before discharging via the Niger Deltarinto the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. Hundreds of millions of people in West Africa depend on the river for drinking water, for fish to eat, for irrigation to grow crops, for use in productive processes, and for hydroelectric power. The health of the Niger Rive Basin is vitally important for the people and for the environment of West Africa. But this health is endangered by land degradation, pollution, loss of biodiversity, invading aquatic vegetal species and climate change. Research has found that wastewater and other polluting substances are discharged directly into the river, often without consideration for the environment. National governments of the countries which the river runs through are either unable to deal with the environmental problems or are ineffective at preventing, regulating, reducing and managing pollution from industrial activities. eters Reducing industrial Do y polly Miger River Basin All the enviroment er source: Mode Endir domacyeu (October 2021 - adapted/extract) (a) Explain with examples the term helgative production externes pric b) Explain with the uselagram negative production externalities lead to market failure. [6] Endenfor (c) Anakse kite negatime troddiction expehnalities that might visa in pollution of water. [6] aviseriform the excessive (d) Explain the policies that might be used to reduce river pollution and evaluate which ONE of these you would recommend as being the most effective. [6] s=upl

cosi(b2xv2 question 11 fish to oft, for irrigat eople in West Africa depend on the river for drinbunit water, for bydroeleduc nower The health of the Niger Nute Qasin is vitally important for the people and for the environment of West Qrica. Byt this health is endangered by land degradation, pollution, loss of biodiversity, invadihg abfatis vegetal species and climare change. Research has found that wastewater and other polluting substances are dlscharged directly into the river, often without considecation for the environment. National governments of the countries which the river runs through are either unable to deal with the environmental problems or are ineffective at preventing, regulating, reducing and managing pollution from industrial activities. market failure. [6] (d) Explain the policies that might be used to reduce river pollution and evaluate which DNE of these you would recommend as being the most effective. [6] P S=lnpl