"Mass Transfer and Separation Processes in Chemical Engineering"

Explain the fundamental principles of mass transfer and separation processes in chemical engineering. Discuss the key concepts such as diffusion, distillation, absorption$,$ and extraction, and how they are applied in industrial settings for the separation and purification of chemical compounds. Describe the role of mass transfer coefficients, equilibrium relationships, and driving forces in these processes. Provide examples of industrial applications, such as the production of purified water through distillation and the separation of components in petroleum refining. Finally, explore emerging technologies and innovations in mass transfer and separation processes for sustainable and efficient chemical production.