Q-02: In 2020, an estimated 341,831 women died from cervical cancer worldwide. 70% of these cancers...

Transcribed Image Text:

Q-02: In 2020, an estimated 341,831 women died from cervical cancer worldwide. 70% of these cancers are caused by just two human papillomavirus (HPV) strains: HPV16 and HPV18. Both of these strains are now vaccine-preventable, but the HPV Information Centre estimates that it will take decades before the vaccine's full impact is felt. Furthermore, as the vaccine cannot prevent all HPV infections or cancers, women will still need to rely on regular screening for early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Currently, women are offered screening with a test that has been used for the last 70 years, the eponymous Pap smear. It has been the gold standard screening tool to detect abnormal squamous cells in the cervix, a precursor to cancer. But with a sensitivity of just over 55%. With increasing knowledge, we now know HPV branches into two families-high-risk viruses including HPV16 and 18, as well as less common strains such as 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, and a few others, and low-risk strains, such as HPV6 and 11, which account for about 90 percent of genital warts, but rarely develop into cancer. Pap smears do not distinguish between these two types. This inability to distinguish between malignant and benign abnormalities triggers a cascade of further investigations, many of which are unnecessary and cause needless anxiety for women. As for your understating of molecular diagnostics techniques, suggest a LESS INVASIVE, MORE EFFICIENT, CONFIRMATORY, DISTINGUISHABLE and REPRODUCIBLE molecular diagnostics-based test procedure for HPV screening. (07) Q-02: In 2020, an estimated 341,831 women died from cervical cancer worldwide. 70% of these cancers are caused by just two human papillomavirus (HPV) strains: HPV16 and HPV18. Both of these strains are now vaccine-preventable, but the HPV Information Centre estimates that it will take decades before the vaccine's full impact is felt. Furthermore, as the vaccine cannot prevent all HPV infections or cancers, women will still need to rely on regular screening for early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Currently, women are offered screening with a test that has been used for the last 70 years, the eponymous Pap smear. It has been the gold standard screening tool to detect abnormal squamous cells in the cervix, a precursor to cancer. But with a sensitivity of just over 55%. With increasing knowledge, we now know HPV branches into two families-high-risk viruses including HPV16 and 18, as well as less common strains such as 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, and a few others, and low-risk strains, such as HPV6 and 11, which account for about 90 percent of genital warts, but rarely develop into cancer. Pap smears do not distinguish between these two types. This inability to distinguish between malignant and benign abnormalities triggers a cascade of further investigations, many of which are unnecessary and cause needless anxiety for women. As for your understating of molecular diagnostics techniques, suggest a LESS INVASIVE, MORE EFFICIENT, CONFIRMATORY, DISTINGUISHABLE and REPRODUCIBLE molecular diagnostics-based test procedure for HPV screening. (07) Q-02: In 2020, an estimated 341,831 women died from cervical cancer worldwide. 70% of these cancers are caused by just two human papillomavirus (HPV) strains: HPV16 and HPV18. Both of these strains are now vaccine-preventable, but the HPV Information Centre estimates that it will take decades before the vaccine's full impact is felt. Furthermore, as the vaccine cannot prevent all HPV infections or cancers, women will still need to rely on regular screening for early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Currently, women are offered screening with a test that has been used for the last 70 years, the eponymous Pap smear. It has been the gold standard screening tool to detect abnormal squamous cells in the cervix, a precursor to cancer. But with a sensitivity of just over 55%. With increasing knowledge, we now know HPV branches into two families-high-risk viruses including HPV16 and 18, as well as less common strains such as 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, and a few others, and low-risk strains, such as HPV6 and 11, which account for about 90 percent of genital warts, but rarely develop into cancer. Pap smears do not distinguish between these two types. This inability to distinguish between malignant and benign abnormalities triggers a cascade of further investigations, many of which are unnecessary and cause needless anxiety for women. As for your understating of molecular diagnostics techniques, suggest a LESS INVASIVE, MORE EFFICIENT, CONFIRMATORY, DISTINGUISHABLE and REPRODUCIBLE molecular diagnostics-based test procedure for HPV screening. (07) Q-02: In 2020, an estimated 341,831 women died from cervical cancer worldwide. 70% of these cancers are caused by just two human papillomavirus (HPV) strains: HPV16 and HPV18. Both of these strains are now vaccine-preventable, but the HPV Information Centre estimates that it will take decades before the vaccine's full impact is felt. Furthermore, as the vaccine cannot prevent all HPV infections or cancers, women will still need to rely on regular screening for early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Currently, women are offered screening with a test that has been used for the last 70 years, the eponymous Pap smear. It has been the gold standard screening tool to detect abnormal squamous cells in the cervix, a precursor to cancer. But with a sensitivity of just over 55%. With increasing knowledge, we now know HPV branches into two families-high-risk viruses including HPV16 and 18, as well as less common strains such as 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, and a few others, and low-risk strains, such as HPV6 and 11, which account for about 90 percent of genital warts, but rarely develop into cancer. Pap smears do not distinguish between these two types. This inability to distinguish between malignant and benign abnormalities triggers a cascade of further investigations, many of which are unnecessary and cause needless anxiety for women. As for your understating of molecular diagnostics techniques, suggest a LESS INVASIVE, MORE EFFICIENT, CONFIRMATORY, DISTINGUISHABLE and REPRODUCIBLE molecular diagnostics-based test procedure for HPV screening. (07) Q-02: In 2020, an estimated 341,831 women died from cervical cancer worldwide. 70% of these cancers are caused by just two human papillomavirus (HPV) strains: HPV16 and HPV18. Both of these strains are now vaccine-preventable, but the HPV Information Centre estimates that it will take decades before the vaccine's full impact is felt. Furthermore, as the vaccine cannot prevent all HPV infections or cancers, women will still need to rely on regular screening for early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Currently, women are offered screening with a test that has been used for the last 70 years, the eponymous Pap smear. It has been the gold standard screening tool to detect abnormal squamous cells in the cervix, a precursor to cancer. But with a sensitivity of just over 55%. With increasing knowledge, we now know HPV branches into two families-high-risk viruses including HPV16 and 18, as well as less common strains such as 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, and a few others, and low-risk strains, such as HPV6 and 11, which account for about 90 percent of genital warts, but rarely develop into cancer. Pap smears do not distinguish between these two types. This inability to distinguish between malignant and benign abnormalities triggers a cascade of further investigations, many of which are unnecessary and cause needless anxiety for women. As for your understating of molecular diagnostics techniques, suggest a LESS INVASIVE, MORE EFFICIENT, CONFIRMATORY, DISTINGUISHABLE and REPRODUCIBLE molecular diagnostics-based test procedure for HPV screening. (07) Q-02: In 2020, an estimated 341,831 women died from cervical cancer worldwide. 70% of these cancers are caused by just two human papillomavirus (HPV) strains: HPV16 and HPV18. Both of these strains are now vaccine-preventable, but the HPV Information Centre estimates that it will take decades before the vaccine's full impact is felt. Furthermore, as the vaccine cannot prevent all HPV infections or cancers, women will still need to rely on regular screening for early diagnosis of cervical cancer. Currently, women are offered screening with a test that has been used for the last 70 years, the eponymous Pap smear. It has been the gold standard screening tool to detect abnormal squamous cells in the cervix, a precursor to cancer. But with a sensitivity of just over 55%. With increasing knowledge, we now know HPV branches into two families-high-risk viruses including HPV16 and 18, as well as less common strains such as 31, 33, 45, 52, 58, and a few others, and low-risk strains, such as HPV6 and 11, which account for about 90 percent of genital warts, but rarely develop into cancer. Pap smears do not distinguish between these two types. This inability to distinguish between malignant and benign abnormalities triggers a cascade of further investigations, many of which are unnecessary and cause needless anxiety for women. As for your understating of molecular diagnostics techniques, suggest a LESS INVASIVE, MORE EFFICIENT, CONFIRMATORY, DISTINGUISHABLE and REPRODUCIBLE molecular diagnostics-based test procedure for HPV screening. (07)

Answer rating: 100% (QA)

one less invasive more efficient distinguishable co... View the full answer