Module 5 - SLP HYPOTHESIS TESTING AND TYPE ERRORS By submitting this assignment, you affirm that it contains all original work. You affirm that you have not engaged in direct duplication, copy/pasting, sharing assignments, collaboration with others, contract cheating and/or obtaining answers online, paraphrasing, or submitting/facilitating the submission of prior work. Work found to be unoriginal and in violation of this policy is subject to consequences such as a failing grade on the assignment, a failing grade in the course, and/or elevated academic sanctions. Welcome to the final SLP. In this assignment, you will use regression and ANOVA to analyze your data. Write a 2- to 4-page paper summarizing the following points. 1. Take your data and arrange it in the order you collected it. Count the total number of observations you have, and label this number N. Then create another set of data starting from one and increasing by one until you reach N. For example, if you have 10 observations, then your new set of data would be (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). This set of data is called a time series. Run a regression using your original set of data as your dependent variable, and your time series as an independent variable. Go to the following site (using Google or Firefox) to calculate your regression: http://www.metacalculator.com/online/?panel-403-regression-input. What is the regression equation? Interpret and explain your results. 2. Divide your data in half (or into two groups of 8 or less). Then use ANOVA to test if there is a significant difference between the two halves of your data. Use this site to input your data (http://statpages.org/anova1sm.html). Interpret and explain your results. Summarize your conclusions at the end of the paper. Submit your paper at the end of module 5. SLP Assignment Expectations Answer all questions posted in the instructions. Use information from the modular background readings and videos as well as any good-quality resource you can find. Cite all sources in APA style and include a reference list at the end of your paper. Note about page length: Your ability to clearly articulate and explain these concepts is being assessed. The page length is a general guideline. A 3- or 4-page paper does not necessarily guarantee a grade of \"A.\" An \"A\" paper would include detailed information and explanations of all the assignment requirements listed above. The letter grade will be based upon demonstrated mastery of the content and ability to articulate and apply the concepts in the assignment. Keep this in mind while writing your paper. My Smart Phone Daily Usage 1 My Smart Phone Daily Usage Through this paper an attempt is made to collect and study the data pertaining to my Daily Smartphone usage. The Smartphone usage includes time I spent on cellular calls and other networking and communication applications. I find myself more socially active with a wide network of peers and friends. This gives us an ideal opportunity to study the time I spent on smart phones on a daily basis. Data Collection: Data Collection Period The data collection is done by the researcher by studying the smart phone usage for a period of 10 days. The data sets represent actual usage and thereby removing any kind of data manipulation chances. Method of Data Collection To monitor the timings of the usage, I used inbuilt counters (for cellular calls). I also used an application to log time spent on various communication and entertainment applications that were during the data collection period. The data collection covers my activities from chatting with peers and friends to consumption of other entertainment material, for example, movies, music etc. The Target Value for my Data Analysis is 2 Hours Smartphone Usage. The following is the actual readings: Figure 1. Daily Smartphone Usage (in Minutes and Hours) Day Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 Duration Spent on Smartphone (in Minutes) 125 96 131 102 142 200 Converted to Hours 2.08 1.60 2.18 1.70 2.37 3.33 My Smart Phone Daily Usage 2 7 8 9 10 250 190 120 180 4.17 3.17 2.00 3.00 From the above data, the I also derived the following statistical calculations: Figure 2. Statistical Calculations for Data Collected Duration spend on Smart phone (in hours) Mean Median Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count 2.56 2.28 0.82 0.68 (0.21) 0.76 2.57 1.60 4.17 25.60 10 After collecting the data, I developed a variation graph to study the fluctuations in the sample collection. Figure 3. Graph representing variations in the Data set My Smart Phone Daily Usage 3 Converted to Hours 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 From the above graph, it can be seen that my usage of smart phone increased sharply from Day 5 and continue to rise till Day 7 (Smartphone usage at the peak levels). This surge in the data is due to my increased smart phone usage during weekends. Day 5 (Friday) is when the week is ending and henceforth, there is a spike in my smart phone usage activity during this period of time. Variation from the Standard Usage Limit (120 Minutes): Figure 4. Daily Variation from the Standard My Smart Phone Daily Usage 4 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -2 Day Number Daily Set Target Converted to Hours Variance Conclusion On an average, I am spending more than 2 hours on smart phone. The median value is also similar to the mean value but due to some outliers that happened during weekends it is not similar to the mean value. The standard is 0.82 which small indicate that I spend almost 2 hours daily on smart phone. The skewness value is greater than 0 which indicate the presence of some outliers (weekend time spend) on smart phone. The range of the data is 2.57 hours which indicates the variability in the time I spent on the smart phones. The total time I spent in 10 Days duration is 25.60 hours which is quite high. My Smart Phone Daily Usage (Part II) 1 My Smart Phone Daily Usage (Part II) Through this paper another attempt is made to study the changes in the descriptive statistics from Module 1 SLP Assignment by adding the new data. For this study, I have considered the data pertaining to my Daily Smartphone usage for 10 days in the earlier modules. Now I have added data for another 10 more days and then performed the analysis of descriptive statistics to observe the changes. Data Collection: Data Collection Period The data collection is done by studying the smart phone usage for another 10 days and added the data to that collected earlier. Now the total size of the sample is 20. Data for the analysis: The following is the actual readings those consists 10 older values and 10 newly recorded times: Figure 1. Daily Smartphone Usage (in Minutes and Hours) Day Number Duration Spent on Smartphone (in Minutes) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 125 96 131 102 142 200 250 190 120 180 150 125 180 200 240 120 102 Converted to Hours 2.08 1.6 2.18 1.7 2.37 3.33 4.17 3.17 2 3 2.5 2.08 3 3.33 4 2 1.7 My Smart Phone Daily Usage (Part II) 2 18 19 20 180 240 120 3 4 2 From the above data, I have re-calculated the following statistical calculations: Figure 2. Statistical Calculations for Data Collected Duration spend on Smart phone (in hours) Mean Standard Deviation Sample Variance Count 2.66 0.82 0.67 20 The mean, standard deviation and variance of the 10 observations those were collected initially in the earlier module are as displayed: Figure 3. Statistical Calculations for Data Collected in previous module Duration spend on Smart phone (in hours) Mean Standard Deviation Sample Variance Count 2.56 0.82 0.68 10 Therefore, the mean is increased with the adding of new data, and the standard deviation and variance did not differ much. After collecting the data, I developed a histogram to check the nature of the distribution: Figure 4. Histogram representing the Data set My Smart Phone Daily Usage (Part II) 3 9 8 7 6 5 Frequency 4 3 2 1 0 1.60 2.24 2.88 3.53 More Duration Spent on Smart Phone (in Hours) The increase in the size of the sample effects the significant variation in the mean, but the variability stabilized with the large size of the sample. The current sample size is now 20, but I think it is also not enough to draw an accurate conclusion, as the histogram depicts the data is yet skewed after increasing the sample size. So to make the conclusions valid, much larger sample than already drawn is required, which can make the distribution of the duration spent on smart phone approximately normal. This is required because the hypothesis tests in general based on this condition. Conclusions The average I am spending on smart phone is 2.66 hours that is slightly larger than 2.56 hours, which is obtained with the data on 10 days collected in the earlier module. The standard deviation and the variance were less significantly changed with the increase in the size of the sample. The size of the sample itself is not sufficient to have an approximately normal data. So much larger sample is required to meet this condition