Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet) 1. According to the interactionist view, improve its performance. conflicts support the goals of the group and a. formal b. reactive c. evaluative d. functional e. informal 2. Which of the following is not true regarding gender differences in negotiations? a. b. c. d. e. Men value status more than women. Women value compassion and altruism more than men. Women place a lower value on relationship outcomes than men. Men place a higher value on economic outcomes than women. Men and women negotiate differently. 3. Conflict between two people is called conflict. a. dyadic b. bilateral c. intragroup d. dual e. intergroup 4. A party who seeks to appease an opponent may be willing to place the opponent's interests above his or her own, sacrificing to maintain the relationship. We refer to this conflict-handling intention as a. avoiding b. compromising c. accommodating d. competing e. collaborating 5. Which of the following is a conflict-stimulation technique? a. exercising authoritative command b. problem solving c. expansion of resources d. compromise e. bringing in outsiders 220 6. Conflict is dysfunctional when it a. leads to change b. provides a medium to release tension c. provides a means for expressing frustration d. reduces group cohesiveness e. fosters an environment of self-evaluation 7. Your determines the lowest value acceptable to you for a negotiated agreement. a. hidden value b. BATNA c. bid price d. margin of error e. asking price is characterized by a low degree of departmentalization, wide spans of control, 8. A authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization. a. networked organizational structure b. bureaucracy c. matrix organization d. simple structure e. hierarchical organization 9. Which of the following statements is true about the simple structure? a. b. c. d. e. It is characterized by a high degree of formalization. It is most widely adopted in large businesses in which the manager and owner are different. It becomes increasingly inadequate as an organization grows. It is characterized by a narrow span of control. It is very expensive to operate. 10. Which of the following types of organizational designs combines two forms of departmentalization, functional and product? a. bureaucracy b. simple structure c. boundaryless structure d. virtual structure e. matrix structure 221 You are interested in explaining the different types of organizational designs to students of basic management. These students need to know the advantages and disadvantages of each structure as well as the structure's characteristics. 11. You explain to your students the structure of a local grocery store situated in your neighborhood. The store employs two full-time employees-a salesperson and a cashier. The owner of the store acts as its manager and makes all the decisions. Which of the following organizational structures is being described by you? a. virtual structure b. bureaucracy c. simple structure d. boundaryless structure e. matrix structure 12. A organization is a small, core organization that outsources major business functions. a. formalized b. bureaucratic c. centralized d. matrix e. virtual 13. You are the CEO of Achilles Incorporation. You have decided to hire other organizations to perform many of the basic functions of your business. You have hired an accounting firm to keep your records, a recruiting firm to handle human resource functions, and a computer firm to handle all records. To keep costs down, you are looking for other areas in which to outsource operations. You have chosen to operate your business as a ________ a. virtual organization b. matrix organization c. highly centralized organization d. bureaucracy e. highly formalized organization 14. Porco Rosso, an aircraft manufacturer with a strong presence in the United States, is looking to expand its market overseas. The firm currently sells aircraft to several airlines in the United Kingdom but now wants to establish manufacturing units there as well in order to acquire a bigger share in the European market. Hence, it plans to merge with QueenAir, a British aircraft manufacturer. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the company's decision to merge with QueenAir? a. There is a striking difference in the organizational cultures of the two firms. b. Merging with QueenAir would increase its profits considerably. c. A competitor in the U.S. market recently went out of business. d. There is increasing economic uncertainty in the U.S. market. e. The preferences of airline customers in Europe and the U.S. are similar. 222 15. Culture is most likely to be a liability when a. the organization's environment is dynamic b, the organization is highly centralized c. the employees of the organization are highly skilled d. the organization's management is highly efficient e. the organization scores low on the degree of formalization You are new to an organization and do not really know what to expect about the socialization process. You recently received your MBA and have an undergraduate degree in computer science. Your new firm is, a software development company with an emphasis in the healthcare industry. Your hiring process included campus interviews, a daylong trip for an interview at the company, an offer phone call and letter, and some promotional material sent via the mail. When you arrive for your first day at work, you spend half a day in an orientation session that is conducted by the human resources department, where you complete paperwork and receive a company handbook. Then you spend the rest of the day with your supervisor, who gives you a tour, introduces you to your co-workers, and explains your first project. After that, you begin working and getting to know the others in the company. You find that in most respects, your experience fits your expectations, but in some ways you are surprised by realities that you hadn't expected. None of these surprises are too difficult to accept, so you eventually begin to feel at home and happy with your new job. 16. Your supervisor provides you a mentor to help you with your work and guide you. This shows socialization technique. that your supervisor is using a(n) a. b. c. d. e. 17. typically contain narratives about the organization's founders, rule breaking, and reactions to past mistakes. ________ a. b. c. d. e. 223 informal divestiture serial variable random Stories Organizational charts Rituals Material symbols Corporate chants Ask Socrates Inc. is a computer software company that employs highly intelligent but somewhat unusual people. Every Friday, free lollipops, toys, or other treats are given out to encourage employees to remember how creative they were when they were children. All the new members of the organization are told about the founders who were three young people who 'got lucky" and sold a video game that they invented. The employees are allowed to dress informally and can set their own working hours. 18. Ask Socrates Inc. employees are allowed to dress informally. This is an example of a through which organizational culture is transmitted. a. material symbol b. symbolic act c. fundamental mechanism d. ritual e. primary procedure 19. Due to the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, job applicants a. b. c. d. e. cannot be subjected to behavioral assessment tests before a contingent offer may be required to undergo a medical examination after they receive a contingent offer can be subjected to a drug test only if they are being considered for senior-level management positions cannot be subjected to a work-sample test after a contingent job offer are never required to submit to a physical exam for a job 20. When an appraiser rates employees based on items on a continuum with the points reflecting actual behaviors on a given job, this type of evaluation is called a. assessment center evaluation b. graphic rating scale c. BARS d. critical incident e. group order ranking 21. Companies in which of the following countries would emphasize formal performance evaluation systems more than informal systems? a. Chile b. China c. India d. United States e. Argentina 224 22. Formal performance appraisals are used more frequently in countries that a. b. c. d. e. 23. are low in uncertainty avoidance have long-term orientation are low in in-group collectivism value status quo and rigidity are low in assertiveness is a change process based on systematic collection of data and selection of a change action based on what the analyzed data indicate. a. Organizational development b. Organizational restructuring c. Planned change d. Action research e. Process consultation 24. ________ a. b. c. d. e. is a method of changing behavior through unstructured group interaction. Action research Planned modification Psychoanalysis Sensitivity training Process consultation 25. In order to make their firm a learning organization, managers should a. b. c. d. e. 225 increase the number of hierarchical levels in the organization redesign the organizational structure avoid the use of cross-functional teams increase the degree of departmentalization penalize mistakes ________