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Section $8)$ We talked about Quantitative genetics. Using the information that you were able to painstakingly extract from those lectures, answer the following questions. Additionally, a English Mastiff breeder has painstakingly conducted an analysis of traits in English Mastiff's with regards to their heritability. Use this information when requested. There can be multiple answers per question in this section. Partial credit will be applied and incorrect answers will be penalized such that there is a minimum possible score of $0$ per question.

$\backslash$table$[[,\backslash$table$[[$Body$],[$Height$]],\backslash$table$[[$Tail$],[$Length$]],$Ferocity,Goofiness,$\backslash$table$[[$Body$],[$Mass$]]],[V_{\text{P}\text{h}\text{e}\text{n}\text{o}\text{t}\text{r}\text{e}\text{s}},3000,500,800,400,50],[V_{\text{E}\text{n}\text{v}\text{i}\text{r}\text{a}\text{n}\text{m}\text{e}\text{n}\text{t}},200,50,650,300,25],[V_{\text{G}\text{e}\text{n}\text{e}\text{t}\text{i}\text{c}},2100,400,50,40,25],[2$Cov GE$,700,50,100,60,0]]$

Imagine you have a setting where the narrow sense heritability of height in horses is really high in a population, you then impart a really strong selection on that population by choosing only the tallest horses to make the next generation. What might happen to narrow sense heritability of height within the progeny?

A$.$ Heritability does not change so it would be the same in the next generation.

B$.$ Narrow sense heritability would increase because you have chosen only progeny with tall alleles and removed all the short alleles.

C$.$ Narrow sense heritability would decrease because you have chosen only progeny with tall alleles and removed all the short alleles.

D$.$ Narrow sense heritability doesn't change because it is calculated by comparing the progeny to the parents.

In class, we discussed the difference between broad and narrow sense heritability. What genetic concepts can What genetic concepts can cause narrow sense heritability to be lower than broad sense?

A$.$ There are none as heritability can't change

B$.$ Epistasis.

C$.$ Dominance.

D$.$ Additivity between alleles

E$.$ Genotype $$ Environment.

Name: $q,110q,$

$43.$ English Mastiffs are kind of large and have a devastating tail that when it wags can send you across the room. A breeder really wants to breed a English Mastiff with a shorter tail for safety. What is the best single thing that you would tell the breeder about breeding for Matiffs Tail Length?

A$.$ Tail length is almost entirely environmental so it will be impossible to breed for body mass.

B$.$ Tail length has no heritability, so don't bother trying to breed for it$.$

C$.$ Tail length has a little bit of genetics so it is possible to breed for but selection will be really weak.

D$.$ Tail length is dependent more on the interaction of genotype and environment than on genotype so will have to breed depending on the expected environment.

E$.$ Tail length is mainly genetically dependent so it will be possible to breed for Tail length.

$44.$ Which trait has the highest dependency on the environment?

A$.$ Body height

B$.$ Tail Length

C$.$ Ferocity

D$.$ Goofiness

E$.$ Body Mass