Naswer the question please explain the

What theoretical frameworks and principles in civil engineering underpin the design and implementation of sustainable infrastructure projects? Explore concepts such as environmental impact mitigation, economic viability, and societal inclusivity. Discuss the integration of innovative materials, technologies, and renewable energy sources, alongside challenges like high initial costs and regulatory hurdles. How do engineers navigate these complexities to create infrastructures that not only meet current needs but also promote long$-$term sustainability and resilience in the face of environmental and societal changes?