Need help on problems with rules of inference. D, E, and F please

Exercise 8.12.1: Proving arguments are valid using rules of inference About Use the rules of inference and the laws of propositional logic to prove that each argument is valid. Number each line of your argument and label each line of your proof Hypothesis" or with the name of the rule of inference used at that line. If a rule of inference is used, then include the numbers of the previous lines to which the rule is applied. Solution -q Solution Solution (d) (p v a)-r