Nested Scopes and Links

Consider the following pseudo$-$code, assuming nested subroutines and static scoping:

$1$ int main $()\{$

$2$ int x $=3$;

$3$ int y $=2$;

$4$ int f$1($ int b $)\{$

$5$ int f$2($ int n $)\{$

$6$ return n $+3$;

$7\}$

$8$ b $=$ f$2($ y $)+2*$ b ;

$9$ return b ;

$10\}$

$11$

$12$ int f$3($ int a $)\{$

$13$ return f$1($ a $)$;

$14\}$

$15$ print f$3($ f$1($ x $))$;

$16\}$

$1.$ What does the program print?

$2.$ Draw a diagram of the runtime stack when function f$2$ has been called for the last

time. For each frame, show the static and dynamic links.

$3.$ Refer to the runtime stack, briefly explain how function f$1$ finds variable y