Networking and telecommunications technologies, along with computer hardware, software, data management technology, and the people required to run and manage them, constitute an organization's:

data management environment.

networked environment.

information technology $($IT$)$ infrastructure:

information system.

culture.

Which of the following statements about a TPS is not true?

a$.$ TPS typically supply data to a firm's ESS.

b$.$ A TPS failure for even a few hours can lead to a firm's demise.

c$.$ A payroll system is an example of a TPS$.$

d$.$ Tracking the flow of transactions within an organization is one of the principal purposes of a TPS$.$

e$.$ A TPS supports operational management.