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Why is understanding soil$-$structure interaction essential for the safe and efficient design of foundations in civil engineering projects, and how does this knowledge impact the structural integrity and longevity of various types of infrastructure, such as bridges, high$-$rise buildings, and underground utilities? Explore the theoretical underpinnings of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering that inform our understanding of soil behavior under different loading conditions, and discuss the methods used to assess and mitigate risks associated with soil$-$structure interaction. Additionally, consider how advancements in technology and materials science are influencing contemporary approaches to foundation design, and the potential implications for future engineering practices in light of increasing urbanization and climate change.