(Note: You must answer this question in this question booklet)

Gray (1988) developed a number of hypotheses relating Hofstedes four societal cultural dimensions ( Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism and Masculinity), to each of his four accounting values (Professionalism vs Statutory Control, Uniformity vs Flexibility, Conservatism vs Optimism, and Secrecy vs Transparency).

Required: Specify the hypothesised relationship between Grays accounting values and Hofstedes cultural values by filling in the boxes in the table below by using: +, or _, or ?. Where

+ indicates a positive relationship,

_ indicates a negative relationship,

and ? indicates that the direction of the relationship is unclear.

Only one symbol is allowed in each box.

Accounting Values (from Gray) Cultural Values (From Hofstede) Uniformity Conservatism Secrecy Professionalism Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Individualism Masculinity