Numerous challenges face the Construction Manager when dealing with Excavation$/$Trenching Safety.

Given the resources provided by modern technology $($i$.$e$.,$ Internet$).$ Information the Construction

Manager needs to safely determine the size and type of material required for timber shoring can be

obtained with thought and research. OSHA standards $($Chart Data$)$ are available which provide the size

of the required members, the spacing and the type$/$strength of the required members based on Soil

Type, Depth and Width of the excavation. It should be noted that some states $($California included$)$ have

their own OSHA requirements. At a minimum, these requirements meet Federal OSHA Standards. In

some situations, the state requirements exceed the Federal OSHA Standards. To solve the following

problem, you may consider doing a keyword search for CALOSHA Trenching and Shoring $1541\mathrm{.}1$

Subchapter $4,$ then look at the Appendixes.

Problem: A trench is dug in Type B Soil that is $13$ feet deep and five feet wide. There are three

acceptable Timber shoring configurations for this type of trench. Only one correct solution is required

for full credit. Provide:

Size of cross braces $($horizontal member of a shoring system installed perpendicular to the sides

of the excavation, the ends which bear against either uprights or wales $($whales$).$

a$.$ Horizontal spacing of cross braces.

b$.$ Vertical spacing of cross braces.

Size of wales.

a$.$ Vertical spacing of wales.

Size of uprights $($vertical members of trench shoring placed in contact with the earth and usually

positioned so the individual members do not contact each other. Uprights placed so that

individual members contact or interconnect to each other, are called "sheeting"$).$

a$.$ Spacing of uprights.

b$.$ Based on the configuration chosen is the upright configuration spacing designated as

vertical of horizontal?

Are the required dimensions of the members listed in $1541\mathrm{.}1$; Tables C$-1\mathrm{.}1$ through C$-1\mathrm{.}3$ actual

dimensions or nominal dimensions of the timber?

a$.$ Actual

b$.$ Nominal

For timber shoring in Type A soil:

a$.$ What is the type of wood to be used?

b$.$ What is the minimum bending strength

Provide two types of safety equipment that the employer must provide $($and continuously

attend while in use$)$ at an excavation site where a hazardous atmospheric condition exists or

may reasonably be expected to develop during excavation activities.

a$.$

b$.$

If water is controlled or prevented from accumulating by the use of water removal equipment,

the water removal equipment and operations shall be monitored by a

to ensure proper operation.Where employees or equipment are required or permitted to cross over excavations over

feet in depth and wider than

nches, walkways or bridges with standard guardrails

shall be provided.

A competent person is inspecting an excavation and notices soil boiling. What is one of the

main causes of soil boiling?

When testing for atmosphere contaminants in an excavation, list three things that should be

considered:

a$.$

b$.$

c$.$

OSHA requires inspection of excavations be performed by a competent person and, that theses

inspections be documented. OSHA provides seven guidelines specifying the frequency with

theses inspections are to be performed. Provide these guide lines $(1$ point each$)$

a$.$

b$.$

c$.$

d$.$

e$.$

f$.$

g$.$Numerous challenges face the Construction Manager when dealing with Excavation$/$Trenching Safety.

Given the resources provided by modern technology $($i$.$e$.,$ Internet$).$ Information the Construction

Manager needs to safely determine the size and type of material required for timber shoring can be

obtained with thought and research. OSHA standards $($Chart Data$)$ are available which provide the size

of the required members, the spacing and the type$/$strength of the required members based on Soil

Type, Depth and Width of the excavation. It should be noted that some states $($California included$)$ have

their own OSHA requirements. At a minimum, these requirements meet Federal OSHA Standards. In

some situations, the state requirements exceed the Federal OSHA Standards. To solve the following

problem, you may consider doing a keyword search for CALOSHA Trenching and Shoring $1541\mathrm{.}1$

Subchapter $4,$ then look at the Appendixes.

Problem: A trench is dug in Type B Soil that is $13$ feet deep and five feet wide. There are three

acceptable Timber shoring configurations for this type of trench. Only one correct solution is required

for full credit. Provide:

Size of cross braces $($horizontal member of a shoring system installed perpendicular to the sides

of the excavation, the ends which bear against either uprights or wales $($whales$).$

a$.$ Horizontal spacing of cross braces.

b$.$ Vertical spacing of cross braces.

Size of wales.

a$.$ Vertical spacing of wales.

Size of uprights $($vertical members of trench shoring placed in contact with the earth and usually

positioned so the individual members do not contact each other. Uprights placed so that

individual members contact or interconnect to each other, are called "sheeting"$).$

a$.$ Spacing