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Complete the Universal Access Exercise on page 325 of the text as at least two to three-page paper. Address each point below. Cite when appropriate from your text and/or other resources. Assume you represent the interests of one of the following groups: physicians, low-income public, upper- and middle-income public, large insurance companies and HMOs, small employers, or large employers. Now, develop your legislative lobbying position with respect to each of the following reform ideas: 1. A British type system 2. A Canadian type system 3. Filling the cracks in our present fragmented system by expanding Medicaid to cover all of the poor, requiring all employers to provide coverage for their workers, and requiring all self-employed individuals to buy their own private insurance 4. An entirely privatized system that gives each person a voucher, funded by the government, sufficient to pay for 60 to 100 percent (depending on income) of the cost of the lowest-priced insurance policy in the market, and then leaving it entirely to individual choice whether and what to buy Meet with representatives from the other interest groups and attempt to negotiate comprehensive health care reform. In other words, do not just present the case for the group you represent. Present your case for your group, but also address what you would identify as the concerns of all the other groups, in defense of your group's stand. Be sure to include analysis and material from the text. You may do other research as well, such as on the Internet. Be sure to reference any other source you use. Eng. J. Med. 1401 (2016); Harold Pollack, Medicare for All If It Were Politically Possible Would Necessarily Replicate the Defects of Our Current System, 40 J. Health Politics, Policy and Law 921, 924 (August 2015) For debate over the public option (note 6), see John Z. Ayanian & Richard Hirth, Going Public: Could Clinton's Health Care Proposals Work? The Conversation (2016); Jacob Hacker, There's Simple Fix for Obamacare's Current Woes: The Public Option, Vox.com (2016); Susan Jaffe, A Public Health Insurance Plan, Health Policy Brief, Nov. 10, 2009; Victor R. Fuchs, The Proposed Government Health Insurance Company, 360 New Eng. J. Med. 2273 (2009); Michael F. Cannon, Fannie Med? Why a "Public Option" Is Hazardous to Your Health (2009), John Holahan & Linda J. Blumberg, Is the Public Plan Option a Necessary Part of Health Reform? (2009) For more on crowd-out (note 7), see Jonathan Gruber & Kosali Simon, Crowd-Out Ten Years Later: Have Recent Public Insurance Expansions Crowded Out Private Health Insurance?, 27 J. Health Econ. 201 (2008); John V. Jacobi, Medicaid Expansion, Crowd-Out, and Limits of Incremental Reform, 45 St. Louis U. L.J. 79 (2001). The original work of the Stanford economist who first articulated the idea of managed competition (note 9) can be found at Alain Enthoven, Consumer Choice Health Plan: A National Health Insurance Proposal Based on Regulated Competition in the Private Sector, 298 New Eng. J. Med. 650, 709 (1978); Jackson Hole Group, Managed Competition II: A Proposal, 46 Wash. U. J. Urb. & Contemp. L. 33 (1994). See generally Paul Starr, The Logic of Health-Care Reform (1992); Walter Zelman, The Changing Health Care Marketplace (1996): Alain Enthoven, The History and Principles of Managed Competition, 12 (Supp. 1) Health Aff. 24 (Jan. 1993). Problem: Universal Access to Health Care Be prepared to either defend or attack each of the following propositions, using analysis and facts from the readings in this chapter. 1. A two-tier health care system one that tolerates different standards of access and care according to wealth and social position is morally unjustified because health care is a basic human right of fundamental importance. 2. A system of socialized medicine like that in Canada is distinctly un-American and will lead to massive rationing of services. 3. In order to have a coherent health care financing system, it is essential to sever the link between employment and insurance. 4. The best feasible way to guarantee everyone access to a decent minimum level of health care is to fund a comprehensive network of public hospitals and outpatient clinic as a safety net for those without health insurance. Exercise: Negotiating Health Care Reform Assume you represent the interests of one of the following groups: physicians, low-income public, upper- and middle-income public, large insurance companies and HMOs, small employers, or large employers. Now, develop your legislative lobbying position with respect to each of the following reform ideas