ollaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment $($CPFR$)$ is a web$-$based tool used to coordinate demand forecasting, production and purchase planning, and inventory replenishment between supply chain trading partners. In practice CPFR often doesn't deliver on its' promise because;$1)$ Computer systems at supplier companies cannot be made to work with each other$\mathrm{.}2)$ Forecast errors accumulate as data exchanges are made down the supply chain culminating in the feast or famine phenomena known as the bullwhip effect$\mathrm{.}3)$ Firms in a supply chain may not trust each other sufficiently to share information openly$\mathrm{.}4)$ conflicting objectives between the profit$-$maximizing vendor and the cost$-$minimizing customer give rise to adversarial supply chain relationships. a$1,3,$ and $4$ above b$2$ and $4$ above c$1$ and $3$ above d$3$ and $4$ above eAll of these