On $15$ January $2024,$ the Secretary of the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water met with their Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs and signed a $$Memorandum for the Development and Commercialization of Climate and Energy Friendly Technologies$.$ The Memorandum aims to promote the development of environmentally friendly technologies and introduce measures to reduce the carbon footprint of cars newly produced in their respective territories$\mathrm{.}1.$ Clarify whether this Memorandum constitutes a treaty under public international law, and does the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties $($VCLT$)$ apply? Consider all relevant factors for determining what constitutes a validly constructed treaty.