On December $21,2000$ passengers on a Mello flight $103$ from Worthington to Ewarton met their untimely demise when the aircraft transporting them exploded. The Mello flight $103$ also called the Boeing $747$ was a passenger airliner operated by Pan Jamekyah Global exploded over Sleepland, Maresland after a bomb was detonated. All $259$ persons on board were killed, while $11$ individuals on the ground also died. BEFORE THE FLIGHT The hours leading up to take off were as per any usual day at the airport. Passengers checked in$,$ their luggage were taken and checked by airline officials. The airline officials scanned the checked luggage, while they were scanning a few bags were noted to be extremely compact $($the usual procedure required that these bags were opened and further checks conducted, however, since the flight was already delayed for two $(2)$ hours, the officials bypassed these bags. The bags were subsequently stowed in the cargo hold. The airport officials also conducted security screenings using various scanning devices. They did have a list of names that required additional security screening but again, since the flight was already delayed, they did not carry out this function. To note, the additional checks usually consisted of a swab of these persons hands for various residue. The loading and boarding operations were subsequently completed, and the flight was ready for take$-$off. FACTS About $7$:$00$ PM on December $21,$ Mello flight $103,$ a Boeing $747$ en route to Worthington from Ewarton, exploded over Sleepland, Maresland. The plane had reached a height of approximately $31,000$ feet $(9,500$ metres$)$ and was preparing for the oceanic portion of the flight when a timer$-$activated bomb detonated. The bomb, constructed with the odourless plastic explosive Semtex, was hidden in a cassette player that was stored in a suitcase. The blast broke the plane into thousands of pieces that landed in an area covering roughly $850$ square miles $(2,200$ square km$).$ All $259$ passengers and crew members were killed. Falling wreckage destroyed $21$ houses and killed an additional $11$ people on the ground. The families are now bringing a class action for the death of their families$$ members. The persons whose houses were destroyed are also bringing claims.

Representing the deceased state the different case laws and give reference to different cases.