On October $29,2018,$ Indonesia$$s Lion Air flight $610,$ a nearly new Boeing $737$ MAX $8$ jet, plunged into the Java Sea at $400$ miles per hour, killing all $189$ people on board. Eight days later Boeing issued a bulletin to all $737$ MAX $8$ and $737$ MAX $9$ operators stating that $$erroneous angle$-$of$-$attack data$$ could result in $$uncommanded nose$-$down movement of the aircraft and that this action can repeat until the related system is deactivated.$$ The US Federal Aviation Administration $($FAA$)$ followed by issuing an Emergency Airworthiness Directive requiring Boeing to revise the operating procedures in its flight manual for $737$ MAX aircraft, including the new Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System $($MCAS$),$ software designed to prevent the aircraft from stalling by automatically pushing the nose of the plane down it detected a high angle of attack. Boeing promised the software would be fixed in a few weeks, but by March $2019$ the revisions were still not completed. Then, on March $10,$ Ethiopian Airlines flight $302$ from Addis Ababa to Nairobi, Kenya, the same model $737$ MAX $8,$ crashed shortly after takeoff, killing all $157$ on board.

Under pressure from Indonesia and Ethiopia, airlines, pilots, the public$$and the families of the $346$ dead$$the President of the United States ordered the grounding of all $737$ MAX aircraft on March $13,2019.$ Other nations followed suit, grounding Boeing$$s best selling plane worldwide for $21$ months. Hundreds of MAX $8$ orders were canceled, Boeing suffered billions in losses, the CEO was replaced, and multiple civil and criminal investigations were launched. Evidence soon showed that the company$$s own engineers and test pilots had known about the MCAS problem well before the crashes, but that knowledge was not shared with the FAA, airlines, or pilots.

Please review the abstract above as well as further case information and answer the following questions with a substantive response:

What role did company engineers play in causing the two catastrophes? What about their managers? Their test pilots?

What role did Boeing$$s CEO, board, and other senior leaders play in shaping the processes, procedures, and corporate culture that may have set the stage for the disasters?

Why were the problems with MCAS covered up$?$

Why didn$$t the F$.$A$.$A$.$ detect the flaws in the design before allowing the $737$ MAX $8$ to enter service?