Operating under atmospheric pressure, a distillation column with $10$ trays is utilized for the

separation of a chemical mixture consisting of Jkmo$\frac{l}{h}$ of ethanol and Kkmo$\frac{l}{h}$ of $1-$butanol. The

feed comprises $L\%$ saturated vapor and $M\%$ saturated liquid and undergoes separation in a column

equipped with both a total condenser and a partial reboiler. The overall tray efficiency is $71\%.$ The

specified product criteria include:

Distillate composition: Pmol$\%$ of ethanol

Bottom composition: $Q$ mol$\%$ of $1-$butanol

i$.$ Determine an appropriate reflux ratio $(R)$ value, rounded to two decimal places, for the

effective operation of the separation process in the distillation column. Also, identify the

position of the feed tray in the column.

$[$HINT: Trial$-$and$-$error method is required.$]$

ii$.$ Consider the construction of a new distillation column, equipped with both a total condenser

and partial reboiler, designed to facilitate this process. Given the actual minimum number of

theoretical trays is $N_{\text{m}\text{i}\text{n}},$ use Fenske's equation to approximate the overall tray efficiency of this

new column.Operating under atmospheric pressure, a distillation column with $10$ trays is utilized for the

separation of a chemical mixture consisting of Jkmo$\frac{l}{h}$ of ethanol and Kkmo$\frac{l}{h}$ of $1-$butanol. The

feed comprises $L\%$ saturated vapor and $M\%$ saturated liquid and undergoes separation in a column

equipped with both a total condenser and a partial reboiler. The overall tray efficiency is $71\%.$ The

specified product criteria include:

Distillate composition: Pmol$\%$ of ethanol

Bottom composition: $Q$ mol$\%$ of $1-$butanol

i$.$ Determine an appropriate reflux ratio $(R)$ value, rounded to two decimal places, for the

effective operation of the separation process in the distillation column. Also, identify the

position of the feed tray in the column.

$[$HINT: Trial$-$and$-$error method is required.$]$

ii$.$ Consider the construction of a new distillation column, equipped with both a total condenser

and partial reboiler, designed to facilitate this process. Given the actual minimum number of

theoretical trays is $N_{\text{m}\text{i}\text{n}},$ use Fenske's equation to approximate the overall tray efficiency of this

new column.