opertating system

1. The data structure where the OS will keep all information it needs to manage a process is called....

5. The routine that can be used to create a process on a Linux system is ______.

6.

If a C program read two command line arguments, like "file1", "file2" in the following command, what will be the value of the parameter "argc" of the "main" function?

./myprogram file1 file2

7. In a Linux/Unix system, which command displays the list of entries in a directory ??

12. A counting semaphore ....

18. The long-term scheduler is designed to select a new process in the main memory for the CPU. It executes much less frequently than short-term scheduler. ??

19. A critical section is a code fragment of a program that needs to exclusively access and modify a shared resource.

20.

Context-switch time is overhead and the system does no useful work while switching.

22.

Most resources used by a thread are allocated to the associated process rather than the thread itself.

24

To compile a C program "prog.c" on a Unix/Linux machine, we can type the following command.

cc -o prog prog.c

25. UNIX kernels have traditionally been implemented using a microkernel approach.

27

A process executing in user mode changes to kenel mode when it is executing kernel code during a system call.

28 Briefly describe when and why a deadlock may happen in the dining-philosophers problem. Try to give a solution to handle the deadlock.

29. solution to the critical-section problem must satisfy the following three conditions: mutual exclusion, progress, and bounded waiting.

Briefly explain each condition.

30

In the following program, please tell which lines are critical section(s) that should be guarded using mutex locks, and also explain why.