OPTION $1$:

In their $1943$ article "Nine Points on Monumentality," Josep Luis Sert, Fernand L$$ger$,$ and Sigfried Giedion famously speculated that modern architects, who had previously focused on utilitarian buildings, would be entrusted with designing the monuments and public buildings expressive of the epoch. In your essay, consider how EACH of the following projects reflects the New Monumentality by these authors: To what extent do they incorporate the modern materials and new techniques of the time? What $($if any$)$ postwar conditions do they take advantage of$?$

a$)$ Hans Scharoun, Philharmonie $($Concert Hall$),$ Berlin, Germany, $1956-63$

b$)$oscar niemieyer plaza of the three powers brasilia

C$)$louis kahn national assembly dhaka

d$)$daniel libeskind jewish museum berlin germany