or the following research questions, create one null hypothesis, one directional research hypothesis, and one nondirectional research hypothesis. Null Hypothesis: This hypothesis states that there is no effect or no difference and is what we aim to disprove. Directional Research Hypothesis: This hypothesis predicts the direction of the relationship or difference (e.g., higher or lower) between groups or variables. Nondirectional Research Hypothesis: This hypothesis simply states that there is a difference or relationship between groups or variables, without predicting the direction.1 - Is self-confidence of college students lower than self-confidence of high school students? 2 - Are there differences in academic engagement between student athletes and non-student athletes at a state college? 3 - Do cocaine abusers have different levels of aggression than people who do not use or abuse cocaine? 4 - Do female graduate students have a higher locus of control than male graduate students