Other than mammals, birds are the only other group of vertebrate capable of generating a hyperosmotic urine.
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Other than mammals, birds are the only other group of vertebrate capable of generating a hyperosmotic urine. However, the anatomy of a bird’s kidney is unique in that it has two types of nephrons: one that lies entirely in the cortex (reptile-like) and one that has a loop that descends into the medulla (mammal-like; see illustration to the right). In some cases, up to 30% of the nephrons will be of the longer type.
A. Do you believe the concentrating ability of the typical avian kidney is the same as that seen in mammals? Why or why not?
B. List two ways they kidneys of desert-adapted birds are likely to vary from those found in a semi-aquatic species such as ducks.
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