Our nation$$s administrative structure and intergovernmental processes have changed considerably in the past two decades in response to expanding terrorist threats, developments in globalization and technology usage, and challenges in homeland security policy. For this discussion, please discuss how our nation$$s bureaucracy was overhauled after $9/11$ to produce greater coordination across agencies and levels of government. Particularly, how has homeland security policy emphasized the intergovernmental and organizational aspects of American federalism in recent times as part of a coordinated system where multiple actors play an essential role in safeguarding the nation? What are the continuing policy challenges that remain?

This discussion meets course learning objective $4$: Demonstrate an understanding of how policy is formed and implemented in a federal system.