1. Outline the key reasons for using visual management tools in what is termed a Visual Factory. Describe the principle of Andon, as used in the Toyota Production System. (5 marks)
2. Goldratt describes the Theory of Constraints (TOC) as an intuitive framework for managing, based on the desire to continually improve a company.
   1. Outline two ways to resolve constraints in a production environment. (3 marks)

2. In the table below, the production process is given in sequential steps. What improvement is offered by each of the two options? (5 marks)

Step	Times in seconds allocated to each process step
	Work Time (seconds)	Option 1	Option 2
1	45	56	64
2	40	56	60
3	60	56	56
4	70	56	52
5	65	56	48
Total	280	280	280