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The documentary "13th" by Ava DuVernay explores the history of racial inequality and its impact on the criminal justice system in the United States. It highlights how historical practices of marginalization and bias, particularly against African Americans, have entrenched systemic racism, including mass incarceration. If social workers do not address these critical issues, their practice will be significantly impacted in several ways.

First, the failure to understand the structural roots of inequality may lead social workers to misinterpret or overlook the systemic challenges their clients face. This misinterpretation can result in inadequate support or advocacy for policy changes that can create meaningful, long-term improvements in the lives of marginalized populations. Moreover, social workers risk perpetuating the cycles of discrimination and exclusion that they aim to disrupt. The lack of informed practice can also erode the trust between clients and social workers, further marginalizing already vulnerable communities and hindering their access to necessary services.

Furthermore, historical bias and marginalization inform present-day stereotypes and stigma, which social workers may unconsciously adopt if these histories are not acknowledged and actively countered. This can manifest in biased assessments, culturally insensitive interventions, and inequitable allocation of resources. Social workers hold a responsibility to advocate for social justice; without addressing the critical issues highlighted in "13th," they may inadvertently contribute to the social and systemic inequities they strive to oppose.

By fully integrating an understanding of these historical and systemic issues into their practice, social workers can better collaborate with clients, engage in effective advocacy, and work towards transformative justice in their communities (DuVernay, 2016).