Outsourcing:

a$.$

decisions are based on cost$-$benefit analysis.

b$.$

is a low risk initiative because the firm can always revert back to performing the function in$-$house.

c$.$

occurs primarily in large manufacturing firms in the private sector, but is rarely practiced in public purchasing.

d$.$

usually results in increased hiring to attain expertise that the organization does not already possess.

e$.$

may reduce operating costs, improve focus on core competencies, and gain access to world$-$class capabilities.