over the last decade$1,$ at the US average annual household vehicle usage of $10,000$ miles, the excess upfront cost still means a payback period of $5$ to $10$ years $($Rajagopal and Phadke $2019).$ Perhaps as a consequence, EV ownership is today heavily concentrated among higher$-$income households. Research shows that $83\%$ of households that have purchased an EV have a yearly income higher than

$$100,000,$ and $46\%$ of these households have incomes higher than $$150,000($Tal$,2013).$ Data from the California Clean Vehicle Rebate Project $($CVRP$)$ suggest that only $6\%$ of the California rebates for PEVs were captured by households in disadvantaged communities $($Williams and Anderson, $2016).$ Therefore, under current conditions, the benefits from clean vehicle policies to low$-$income households accrue mainly through indirect means such as any potential reduction in aggregate pollution from adoption of clean technologies by wealthier people.

This research focuses on the barriers to EV adoption in ride$-$hailing applications for the following DR

reasons. Commercial use vehicles tend to be used more intensively compared to the average household vehicle. Commercial use of EVs could deliver greater fuel cost and pollution reduction faster relative to the average pure private use vehicle. For instance, when an EV is operated for $200$ miles per day, which is about five times the average annual household vehicle usage, it will provide both a five$-$fold faster payback and pollution reduction. Second, as compared to the annual income of

the average EV owner today, the U$.$S Bureau of Labor Statistics reports a mean annual wage of $$30,000$ for May $2021$ for taxi drivers with an hourly mean wage of $$14\mathrm{.}67.$ Data on earnings and income of drivers of ride$-$hailing vehicles is not publicly available, a gap we address here. Policies that AF

help people employed as taxi and ride$-$hailing vehicle operators adopt EVs would represent a more equitable use of public funds. Lastly, simulation of EV use in taxi services based on actual taxi trips also suggest that given adequate charging infrastructure, they can both lower the cost of taxi service and reduce pollution $($Bauer et al$.2019).$ However, empirical evidence for designing policies aimed at T commercial uses of electric vehicles is scarce.

The main objective of this work is$,$ therefore, to provide a descriptive understanding of the constraints that ride$-$hailing drivers confront when it comes to EVs. While there have been several reports in the popular press on driver earnings and their economic conditions, there has been little, if any, systematic research focused on the motivations, behaviors, and travel patterns of ride$-$hailing drivers $($Shaheen$,$ Chan and Rayle $2017).$ Through this we aim to identify the opportunities for and barriers to EV adoption among ride$-$hailing drivers. For instance, how do different potential factors such as miles driven per week, expected duration of employment in the ride$-$hailing sector, range

$1$ https:$//$about$.$bnef.com$/$blog$/$battery$-$pack$-$prices$-$fall$-$as$-$market$-$ramps$-$up$-$with$-$market$-$average$-$at$-156-$kwh$-$in$2019/$

anxiety, and access to fast charging influence decisions related to EV adoption? Our basic approach was to conduct two sets of surveys $$ one focused on ride$-$hailing drivers and a second focused on a comparison group involving high mileage private car owners who are not employed in the ridehailing sector and compare their responses. The next section provides an overview of the literature on the socioeconomics of electric vehicles and ride$-$hailing services. Section $3$ describes the research methodology and the data collection strategy.. Section $4$ describes the findings from the surveys. Section $5$ concludes with implications for policy and future research. Read entire paper and give a report based on below questions: Electric Ridehailing Vehicles: Insights from Survey of Drivers in Los Angeles

$1.$ Problem Analysis

a$.$ Give a precise summary of the research problem formulated in the paper

b$.$ Give context, scope and assumptions of the problem

c$.$ Indicate the main challenges or complexities of the problem

$2.$ Literature Review Evaluation

a$.$ Summarize the structure of the review including the scope and related research areas included in the review.

b$.$ What is the research gap identified in the paper?

$3.$ Solution Analysis

a$.$ Briefly describe the solution proposed by the paper and identify the elements that form the key contributions of the paper.

b$.$ Briefly describe the theoretical foundation that the proposed solution is based on

c$.$ How is the solution verified $($by theoretical analysis, simulation, or case studies?

$4.$ What have you learned?

a$.$ Describe what you have learned from the paper from problem solving perspective, for example, problem formulation and analysis, novelty of the solution, the insights on solution development and verification.

b$.$ Describe other aspects that you have learned from the paper. $5.$ improvements that can be made in interms of problem scope. How can solution be improved? Any comment?