P$16-36.$ Efficiency standards Lucy Liu has been asked to monitor the efficiency and effectiveness of a newly installed machine. The machine has been guaranteed by the manufacturer to produce $2,000$ engine gaskets per kilowatt hour $(kWh).$ The rate of defects on production is estimated at $2$ percent. The machine is equipped with a device to measure the number of $kWhs$ used. During the first month of use, the machine manufactured $350,000$ gaskets, of which $5,000$ packages were flawed, and used $180kWhs.$

a$.$ What is the efficiency standard for flawless output?

b$.$ Calculate the achieved efficiency for the first month and briefly comment on it$.$

c$.$ Determine the achieved effectiveness and briefly comment on it$.$

d$.$ Assume that the company was charged $$4\mathrm{.}50$ per $kWh$ during the first month this machine was in service. Estimate the company's savings or loss in power costs because of the machine's efficiency level in the first month of operations.

$e.$ If you were a customer buying this company's gaskets for use in automobile production, what level of quality control would you want the company to have, and why?