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Statistical Analysis of Research Results The table at the end of this document includes information for a hypothetical study on anxiety, study time, and grade-point-average for college students in four undergraduate programs. The four variables measured include (1) general anxiety, (2) average number of hours spent each weekday on studying, (3) grade-point-average specifically in the participant's academic major, (4) grade-point average across all subjects. There is also a categorical variable, (5) major. Enter the data provided in the table into SPSS. Remember to properly identify your variables as either scalar or nominal; there are no ordinal variables. Answer the following questions about the data by providing the relevant test statistic and p-value to indicate statistical significance. Question 1 involves describing the sample by providing averages (mean scores) for the variables, both for the entire group and also broken down by major. 1a. What are the frequencies of each major? 1b. What is the average measured anxiety for the entire group of participants? What are the average anxiety levels for each major? 1c. What is the average reported study time for the entire group of participants? What are the average study times for each major? 1d. What is the average GPA (Major) and GPA (Overall) for the entire group of participants? What is the average GPA (Major) and GPA (Overall) for each major? Question 2 involves taking a closer look at the difference in mean scores between the majors. Are the differences in anxiety, study time, and GPA statistically significant? 2a. Compare the measured anxiety of the four majors against each other. Is there a statistically significant difference in anxiety between majors? 2b. Compare the reported study time of the four majors against each other. Is there a statistically significant difference in study time between majors? 2c. Compare both the average GPA (Major) and GPA (Overall) of the four majors against each other. Is there a statistically significant difference in either GPA (Major) and/or GPA (Overall) between majors?

Question 3 involves taking a closer look at the relationship between the variables. Are the relationships between these variables weak or strong and are they statistically significant? You could break this down by major, but for this assignment you are only required to look at the entire group of participants. 3a. What is the magnitude and direction of the relationship between anxiety and study time? Is this relationship statistically significant? 3b. What is the magnitude and direction of the relationship between anxiety and GPA (Major)? Is this relationship statistically significant? 3c. What is the magnitude and direction of the relationship between anxiety and GPA (Overall)? Is this relationship statistically significant? 3d. What is the magnitude and direction of the relationship between study time and GPA (Major)? Is this relationship statistically significant? 3e. What is the magnitude and direction of the relationship between study time and GPA (Overall)? Is this relationship statistically significant? Summarize the results. Which differences or relationships were statistically significant? Which were not? Does this suggest anything interesting?

Student Anxiety Study Time GPA (Major) GPA (Overall) Major 1 17 5 3.60 3.36 Pre-Med 2 12 4 3.33 3.00 Psychology 3 13 4 3.67 3.38 Philosophy 4 16 7 4.00 3.70 Pre-Med 5 13 6 3.50 3.30 Psychology 6 17 7 3.33 3.13 Business 7 13 4 3.50 3.45 Philosophy 8 21 7 3.80 3.75 Pre-Med 9 15 5 3.00 3.00 Pre-Med 10 23 3 2.50 2.70 Business 11 17 5 3.75 3.18 Psychology 12 24 8 3.80 3.89 Psychology 13 24 8 4.00 3.80 Philosophy 14 22 8 3.75 3.40 Psychology 15 18 7 3.67 3.60 Pre-Med 16 14 5 3.67 3.56 Psychology 17 23 6 3.50 3.50 Business 18 13 5 3.67 3.00 Business 19 17 7 3.60 3.36 Pre-Med 20 12 5 3.33 3.00 Business 21 22 6 3.50 3.18 Pre-Med 22 19 6 3.50 3.10 Psychology 23 23 7 3.00 3.00 Pre-Med 24 25 8 3.25 3.18 Pre-Med 25 23 7 3.33 3.09 Psychology 26 24 5 3.67 3.80 Psychology 27 13 4 2.75 2.40 Business 28 11 4 3.00 2.81 Psychology 29 16 4 3.60 3.36 Pre-Med 30 14 5 3.00 3.30 Business 31 8 3 3.00 2.77 Philosophy 32 19 6 3.80 3.89 Pre-Med 33 13 5 3.00 2.67 Philosophy 34 13 4 3.67 3.56 Psychology 35 21 8 4.00 3.89 Business 36 19 6 3.67 3.30 Philosophy 37 18 5 3.67 3.80 Pre-Med 38 21 6 4.00 4.00 Pre-Med 39 12 5 3.67 3.40 Psychology 40 17 6 3.25 3.60 Pre-Med