Paper 2: Read the summary, introduction, methods and Figures from Nyberg et. al. (2018) - https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(18)30139-7/fulltext - and answer the following questions:

Describe the research design of the study.

Which reported statistic was common to Figures 2, 4 and 5 in this paper? Please describe the outcome variable and statistic.

What type of descriptive statistic is illustrated in Figure 3? List the variables included.

Paper 3: Read the Barron et. al. (2020) paper - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32798472/ - and answer the following questions:

1. Describe the aim of the study. Based on the study design, can the aim be restated in terms of null and alternative hypotheses?

2. What type of statistical analysis was used to independently examine the effect of diabetes status and type on in-hospital death with COVID-19? Why?

3. Interpret and report the adjusted odds ratios for in-hospital COVID-19-related death associated with diabetes status.

4. How generalisable are the findings described by the researchers to the population, and why?

Paper 4: Read the Gong et. al. (2019) paper - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31036503/ - and answer the following questions:

1. Describe the aims of the study. Based on the study design, can the aim be restated in terms of null and alternative hypotheses? If so, state the null and alternative hypothesis.

2. Which four primary outcomes were examined by the study? Refer to Figure 2 - interpret and report the statistical results of these four primary outcomes.

3. Examine Figure 3, what was the outcome for Diabetes? Please report the statistics.

4. What was the most likely explanation for the effect of the intervention described in the discussion?