paragraph three: While educators must consider the effectiveness of individual test items, it is also important to examine test-level reliability, which provides insight into the overall consistency and dependability of the assessment as a whole. Test reliability refers to the consistency and dependability of the assessment scores across different instances of testing. According to McDonald (2018), Cronbach's alpha as a commonly used measure of internal consistency reliability for tests with multiple items. Cronbach's alpha values range from 0 to 1, with values above 0.7 generally considered acceptable for educational assessments. A higher alpha indicates that items consistently measure the same underlying construct. In addition to Cronbach's alpha, it is important to examine item-total correlations and inter-item correlations to identify specific items that may reduce overall reliability. Items with low item-total correlations suggest lack of fit within the scale and may need to be reviewed or revised to enhance the test's reliability. (McDonald, 2018)