paraprhase text The process of analyzing statistical data requires systematic tools and methods. For this study, RStudio was the chosen statistical software. The code developed was necessary to perform the independent sample t-test without pairing. The t-test is commonly used to determine if there is a significant difference between the average values of two groups. Welch's t-test is distinct in that it accounts for the variances between the two groups, which are often not identical. Therefore, it is recommended to apply Welch's t-test, when possible, to avoid assuming that variances are equal. The null hypothesis posits that there is no difference between the group means, while the alternative hypothesis suggests that a difference does exist (Riko Kelter. (2020)