Part $1$: Implement the full animal class hierarchy

a$)$ You are required to complete a Java implementation of the full inheritance hierarchy

above making full use of what you know so far about inheritance. Each of the circles in

the figure above represents a class. As in the example code I provided, some of the

attributes of a class above are encoded in Java as fields and some as methods $($e$.$g$.$ I

have chosen hasSkin to be a field and 'can move around' to be a method, move$).$ You

should make similar decisions with the remaining classes. Avoid unnecessary repetition

of fields and methods. Inheritance is about inheriting fields and methods from the

superclass and overriding them only when necessary. The example code provided

illustrates how fields and method are inherited from superclasses and you should try to

follow its example.

b$)$ For every leaf class $($Canary$,$ Ostrich, Shark, Trout$),$ I want you to implement an equals

and toString method that correctly overrides the method inherited from the superclass.

Every toString$()$ method returns a String value describing the state of the object. Each

of the toString methods that you implement should include values of fields inherited

from the object's superclass. The example code contains a partially completed toString

method for the Canary class. Remember to annotate all overriden methods with

@Overriden, as demonstrated in the example code

c$)$ For an Ostrich object, your code should implement the simplest way to get it to output

"I am a bird but cannot fly" when it is called upon to move.

Hint: This does not involve creating or overriding a new method. See lecture slides.

Part $2$: Test the classes in your hierarchy

The second part of the assignment involves creating a class to demonstrate that the classes you

have defined in Part $1$ actually work. This is similar to the idea used in Assignment $2$ where a

class was used to test different transaction scenarios.

Create a class called AnimalTest with a main method and two test methods, which you will call

from the main method. The first test method will demonstrate the output of the toString$()$

method. The second test method will demonstrate that your equals$()$ methods work as expected.

Choose a suitable name for each method.

a$)$ test$1$ method: this method will demonstrate that your toString$()$ method works

correctly. It should do this by populating an array with animal objects and then looping

over the elements of the array and printing out the output of the toString$()$ method of

each element. If you are unsure how to use an Array, consult the tutorial notes on Arrays

in the week $6$ folder.

First of all create an Array of Animal references with size $4.$

Animal$[]$ animals $=$ new Animal$[4]$; $//$ This declares and allocates memory for an array

of Animal references with $4$ spaces

In each element of the Array I want you to put a reference to an object of the four leaf

animals in your hierarchy $($Canary$,$ Ostrich, Shark, Trout$).$ There are $4$ spaces in the

array, one for each type of animal.

As demonstrated in the lecture and in the Arrays tutorial PDF$,$ each animal object

$($Canary$,$ Ostrich, Shark, Trout$)$ will be referenced by an element of the Animals array.

E$.$g$.$

animals$[0]=$ new Canary$("$Bluey$")$; $//$Assigning a reference to a Canary object to the

first position in the array. Remember the first position in any array is always at index

$0$

Now add a reference for each animal object to the remaining spaces in the Array. When

finished you will have an array of four Animal references. Each reference points to an

object belonging to an Animal subclass $($e$.$g$.$ Ostrich, Canary, Shark, Trout$).$

Then, write a loop and iterate over the array calling System.println to print out the

contents of each element in the array $($see the arrays tutorial, if you have difficulties$).$

E$.$g$.$

System.out.println$($animals$[$i$])$; $//$Where i is the value of the loop variable

If you have written your toString$()$ method correctly, the String value of the object at

each position in the array will be output

Note: Do not call toString$()$ directly as in this example:

System.out.println$($animals$[$i$].$toString$())$;

When you try to print an object out, Java will automatically look for its toString$()$

method. So marks will be lost if you directly call the toString$()$ method. This is never

done.

b$)$ test$2$ method: this method demonstrates that your equals methods work correctly. Use

an array, like the one used in test$1,$ and demonstrate the output of the different elements.

Note: An array is not necessary to demonstrate that equals works $($or toString$())-$

however, I want you to get some practice in using Arrays.

I am leaving the specific implementation of this method for you to demonstrate.

Use comments to explain your code.