Part $2-$ Aggregate Demand $($AD$)$ and Aggregate Supply $($AS$)$

$18.$ Use the AD$/$AS model to illustrate the following. Draw $6$ graphs by hand. Show how the AD or the AS curve shift and in what direction $($left or right$).$ Also state what happens to equilibrium real GDP $($Y$),$ employment, and the equilibrium price level. $[$Note: Use the SRAS curve, not the LRAS.$]$

a$.$ an increase in government spending and$/$or transfer payments

b$.$ restrictive fiscal policy

c$.$ expansive monetary policy

d$.$ increase in investment according to Keynesians

e$.$ increase in investment according to supply$-$side economists

f$.$ a stock market crash

$19.$ In the following figure, the economy is initially in equilibrium at full$-$employment at point $"e".$ Assume that consumption falls by $100$ leading to a shift in AD from AD$1$ to AD$2.$