Part 2: Application Questions A recent study[1] examined the effect of diet cola consumption on calcium levels in women. A ents sample of 16 healthy women aged 18 to 40 were randomly assigned to drink 24 ounces of either diet cola or water. Their urine was collected for three hours after ingestion of the beverage and calcium excretion (in mg) was measured. The researchers were investigating whether diet cola leaches calcium out of the system, which would increase the amount of calcium in the urine for the diet cola drinkers. e The parameter of interest for this research question is: 6 [1] Larson, N.S., et al., "Effect of Diet Cola on Urine Calcium Excretion," Endocrine Reviews, 2010; 31(3): S1070. These data are recreated from the published summary statistics and are estimates sources of the actual data. ex O u = the mean amount of calcium excreted by women O p = the proportion of women who drank diet cola and excreted calcium O Hc - Hw = the difference in the mean amounts of calcium excreted between those assigned to drink diet cola (C) and those assigned to drink water (W). O Pc - Pw = the difference in proportions of women who excreted calcium between those assigned to drink diet cola (C) and those assigned to drink water (W)