Passive reconnaissance involves gathering information on the target with no direct interaction with that target. The goal is to gather intelligence on the target environment and identify potential vulnerabilities while generating minimal evidence of their actions. Please select all items that represent Passive reconnaissance methods $($you must select all correct items in order to receive credit for this question$)$

Question $11$ options:

Port scanning $$ Scanning a target network to identify open ports and the services running on them.

Packet sniffing $-$ Is the process of capturing data packets that are flowing across the network and analyzing them for important information.

Eavesdropping $-$ Is the act of covertly listening in on a communication between other people

Network traffic analysis $-$ Involves monitoring network traffic to identify patterns, devices, IP addresses, and potential vulnerabilities without actively generating traffic.

Service enumeration $$ Interacting with identified services to gather information about their versions, configurations, and potential vulnerabilities.

Web application crawling $$ Exploring web applications to identify pages, directories, and potential vulnerabilities.

OS fingerprinting $$ Attempting to identify the operating system running on target machines by analyzing network responses and behavior.