peroeptual errors, information processing biases, and decision$-$making traps, which threaten leadership effectiveness. What is the root cause$($s$)$ of them? Why is it so hard to recognize and override them? Are these errors, biases, and traps more likely to manifest themselves in some situations than others? What is your best defense$($s$)$ against these errors, blases, and traps? Please separate and number your answer to each part of the question. $($Note this question carries $10\%$ of the weight for this exam, so please allocate your time wisely$)$