Phil and Naoko are $25-$year$-$old newlyweds and file a joint tax return. Naoko is covered by a retirement plan at work, but Phil is not.

If an amount is zero, enter $"0".$

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a$.$ Assuming Phil's wages were $$27,000$ and Naoko's wages were $$18,500$ for $2023$ and they had no other income, what is the maximum amount of Phil and Naoko's deductions for contributions to a traditional IRA for $2023?$

Name Amount

Phil fill in the blank $1$ of $2$$

$6,500$

Naoko fill in the blank $2$ of $2$$

$6,500$

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There are two principal types of IRAs in the U$.$S$.$ tax law. One is the traditional IRA and the other is the Roth IRA. Annual contributions to a traditional IRA are deductible, and retirement distributions are taxable. The annual deduction maximums are reduced for traditional IRAs if the taxpayer is an active participant in another qualified retirement plan.

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b$.$ Assuming Phil's wages were $$60,000$ and Naoko's wages were $$71,000$ for $2023$ and they had no other income, what is the maximum amount of Phil and Naoko's deductions for contributions to a traditional IRA for $2023?$

Name Amount

Phil fill in the blank $1$ of $2$$

$6,500$

Naoko fill in the blank $2$ of $2$$

$0$