please answer 3 questions thoroughly.

we would "1" and the last sep would get an 8. Put Determine the required data an operation manager as project leader Krity internal data process experts Be ready to take curative action Tanget a specific challenge to address Step 2: Divide into small teams of three to four members and decide as a group the correct sequence of the eight op above to implement big data in a manufacturing plant. Record your team sequence of steps in the second column above the rationale for each step in the project sequence. der you believe will be most effective for implement under Your Sequence Your Sequence Trust the new data Team Sequence Expert Sequence Define the required analytics Deploy and pray "1""- Surp 4: Compute the absolute difference ino minus numbers) between your individual core and the experto. Add feet. Did the collective knowledge of your team produce a lower score Discuss the dynamic within your team that might explain your team score. CASE FOR ANALYSIS Hermitage Escalator Company 105 Hermitage Escalator Company is an independent division the top, which pulls and rotates the chain loops, similar to da large international manufacturer that sells and provides the chain mechanism on a bicycle. A typical excalatores maintenance of elevators and escalators. Hermitage was started by an entrepreneur living in Hermitage, Tennessee and chain system are housed inside a metal structure a 100-horsepower motor to rotate the ears. The motor In 1954, just as the demand for the "magic staircase" began extending between the two floors. to take off. In 1989 Hermitage was acquired by an elevator The chain loops move a series of steps. As the chains company that wanted to provide a full line of lift devices. move, the steps stay level. At the top and bottom of the Hermitage was able to maintain substantial autonomy as a escalator, the steps collapse on cach other, creating a flat separate division and to retain its brand name. platform. This makes it easier for riders to get on and off Hermitage sells over 2,000 escalators each year. Principal the escalator areas of escalator sales include department stores, shopping Each step in the escalator has two sets of wheels that mulls, airports, transit system stations, convention centers, roll along on two separate tracks. The set of wheels near hotels, arenas, stadiums, office buildings, and government the top of each step are connected to the rotating chains, buildings. At the extreme, an escalator may carry people and hence are pulled by the drive gear from the top of the up multiple stories or hundreds of feet horizontally along escalator. The other set of wheels at the bottom of the step corridors such as in an airport concourse. simply glide along its track. The tracks are placed so that each step always remains level. At the top and bottom of the escalator, tracks level off to a horizontal position, flat- How Escalators Work tening the stairway. Each step has a series of grooves so it will fit together with the step behind it and in front of it In its simplest form, an escalator is like a conveyor belt during the flattening The electric motor in an escalator also moves the with a pair of long chains, one on each side, looped around handrail. The handrail is simply a rubber conveyor belt Bars at each end. An electric motor turns the drive gear at poly configured so that it moves at the same speed analytics. The best approach may be to identify bottle that would lead them down the right path. That kind that is looped around a series of wheels. This bele in the steps to give riders some stability, leading rate. Escalator speeds vary from about 90 feet per minute to 180 fert per minute. An escalator moving an hour, many more people than a standard elevator can an concerns at Hermitage decide what action should be taken in response to Rem, such as how to provide data or a data visu that would automatically decide what action so decision-makers, or even how to create decision at An escalator is much better than an clever for me ing people a short distance because of the escalator's high taken in response to a problem. Mardell Anderson, maintenance superintendent Hermitage, had a number of concerns about dig the new escalators as part of the industrial Internet Things According to Anderson, Fixing an escalater the and reduce labor costs. I would really like to set first time, every time, is crucial to maintain custot ability to fix a problem before it happens, Prediction ating panel, safety switches, and step switches. The top and headed. We are driving toward preventative and prediction any time. Safety mechanisms include inlet guards, an oper prevention, as opposed to reaction, is where the industry's honom operating units include a control panel, drive unit maintenance out of necessity. If we can install senso main geat, drive chain, sprocket, and safety switches. The Internet of Things components, we could dispatch the truss between floors includes the main track, trailing track, people to fix the right problem at the right time. Ot beti Low-rise escalator equipment can be maintained with ter at using the data we already have as we move toward digital economy, specifically with emerging big data collator over the phone by just asking questions," Anderson how to create profitable business models using big data There is a finite number of questions for every escala necks and other problems, determine what real-time data knowledge needs to be part of our predictive maintenant says. "There are not millions of things that can go wron lect, transfer and analyze this data, Hermitage must also positioning the sensors and cameras within the units Anderson continued, "Our challenge is selecting and a96 move. The Need for Maintenance Although calators are simple in concept, like all machin- involved that may break down at moving handrail drive unit, sprocket, moving handrail yet, prevent the problem from occurring at all." drive chain, and inlet guard. Other elements include the moving handrail, its interior panel, dock board, and skirt competent technical know-how. Competent maintenance guard. The steps include the tread, riser, step demarcation workers make about $50 per hour and can earn or line, driving rollers, and step chain. $100,000 a year with overtime. An loT package is.com Escalator maintenance is important for customer sat- effective on new escalators but expensive to retrofit og isfaction because nobody likes to climb a broken escalator legacy escalators. "It will take several years to replace kg Maintenance can also be a serious issue. There are horror acy escalators," Anderson said. "In the meantime, we are stories of people falling into broken escalators that opened learning the weak spots in our escalator systems and where up when people were climbing up the stairs. Moreover, sensors would have the best payoff. It would be great it escalators have collapsed sending people tumbling to the we had information coming from the equipment to tell us bottom. Escalators have caught fire, such as in 1987 when which mechanics to send and when to send them but the an escalator in a London Underground station actually is several years away on our installed maintenance base. It exploded, sending flames into the ticketing office, killing could be 10 years before we have all of our installed exch 31 people. The cause was the accumulation of pounds of lators talking and communicating in a meaningful way." tiny bits of paper and lint that had collected in the inner Anderson wanted to be creative in his approach to workings and undercarriage of the machine. maintenance during the 10-year interim. "Is it possible to find another way to achieve predictive maintenance The loT have a lot of repair and callback history that we could us to do a big data-type effort, even before escalators have Approximately 28,000 new escalators and elevators are percentage of our callbacks are related to electric motors sensors and are connected to the loT. Knowing that alrs manufacturing companies, was facing an industrial revo- installed each year in the United States. Hermitage, like all and chains, for example, is important. I want us to get bet lution, popularly known as Industry 4.0 or the industrial big data analytics. Internet of Things, as manufacturing converged with the "A really good mechanic can troubleshoot and analytics. There is much discussion of anesch the problem, and then apply appro- priate sensors, wireless connections, and analytics to col- Chapter 9: Designs for Digital Organizations and Big Data Analytics i comments + 18 397 then selecting the right things to measure in order to arrive at predictive capability. Mensuring the right things In addition, once it is determined that an action has to be what we call "noise" from a problem that requires action? using well-placed hardware and connecting it to the cloud taken, what should that action be? Could a certain mainte would not achieve our goal without clear rules. The rules of maintenance are not derived from a rulebook, but from nance action be bundled together with other maintenance the accumulated knowledge and expertise of hundreds of scheduled maintenance service?" items and then addressed as part of the next regularly maintenance and repair mechanics over decades of service. As part of the remote monitoring program, our rules for ily drive up costs. If you take every single thing that was "When you move to a predictive model, you can eas- data collection and remote monitoring will allow the first sensed and automatically send a technician to check it generation of rules to be written that help dispatch the out, you spend money for each visit with no benefit. That right person to the right problem." -Now we are taking this knowledge to the next level could cause a shutdown, then dispatch the technician right to do predictive analytics. We want to capture and trans away. But, if we are being smart, some issues detected can fer knowledge that we have in our most talented techni- be bundled into our next maintenance visit to the location." cians down to the next generation that will lead us into our "So, my thinking is that when we write our rules for future service model. With seemingly unlimited loT data maintenance and maintenance calls, we should start with on the horizon from sensor technology, we will use this analyzing the callbacks and repairs in our history, because information to rewrite the rules on how we dispatch and that is where we can influence costs and outcomes. The who we send on service for maintenance calls." existing data could help us tremendously. We for sure "Predictive maintenance analytics will not be easy to know on which type of equipment each callback or repair put into practice. For example, with new data coming in, occurred." we can expect to see 'false positives' - meaning indicators At Hermitage, all new installations will have an IoT that something was wrong when nothing was wrong. With sensor package installed. A big question is how the Inter- matters of safety and satisfaction, how could a technician net of Things can be used to increase revenue and decrease know if the alarm was a false one? False positives have rather than increase costs, all the while providing bet- the potential to increase our costs, nor decrease them. Then ter customer service. How can Hermitage capture all the there is the issue of natural variability in our operating promise of loT to deliver more value to the customer and equipment. How can we set parameters on distinguishing to itself? Questions 1. How might Hermitage codify and manage the knowl- edge of experienced maintenance technicians into the new rules to be written for handling maintenance responses under the upcoming deluge of big data from the Internet of Things? Explain. 2. How might big data analytics actually be more costly rather than less costly with respect to maintaining escalators? 3. What specific value might come from analyzing data on past maintenance calls? What specific data do you think would have value? Why