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6 24 - Section 6.3 Inference for a Difference in Prop tions Question190f19 -/1 E View Policies Current Attempt in Progress TYPE OF FACE MASK During the 2020 COVlD-19 pandemic, the United States faced a shortage of medical face masks. To save the medical masks for health care workers, people were advised to wear cloth masks in public. Here we look at the only randomized experiment1 (at the time of writing) that investigated the effectiveness of cloth masks at protecting the wearer from respiratory infection. 1 Maclntyre CR, Seale H, Dung TC, et alt (2015). A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in health care workers. BMJ Open, 5(4). Health care workers in Vietnam were randomized to wear either medical face masks or cloth face masks during their shifts for four consecutive weeks. The study was designed to see if there is evidence that medical masks are more effective at preventing illness. The researchers collected data on three different response variables: whether the health care worker developed a clinical respiratory illness (CRI), inuenzalike illness (I LI), or laboratory-conrmed virus illness (LCI). The results are given in the table below. -m-Iu LC! Mediwmasks_-l w Clem-nas- muslin 1 For all three response variables, the proportion of infection was higher for the cloth mask wearers than the medical mask wearers. Recall from Section 1.3 that there are three possible explanations for this: (i) Causal association: medical masks are more effective at preventing infection than cloth masks (ii) Association due to confounding: the groups (cloth mask wearers and medical mask wearers) differed to begin with (iii) No actual association:just random chance Cloth vs Medical Masks and Virus Illness For the laboratoryconrmed virus illness (LCI) response variable, (a) Calculate the observed difference in proportions with illness, medical mask - cloth mask. Round to three decimal places. (b) Use technology and the normal distribution to calculate a one-sided p-value. Round to three decimal places. (c) Based on the p-value and the standard signicance level of a = 0.05, do we have evidence against alternative explanation (iii)? v (d) Based on your answers to Exercise 6.193 and part (c), does this study provide convincing evidence that medical masks are more effective at protecting health care workers against developing a laboratoryconrmed virus illness than cloth masks? v eTextbook and Media Save for Later Attempts: O of 4 used Question 7 Math Fill in the Blank Question 8 Math Fill in the Blank Question 9 Mu tipart Question 10 Mu tipart Question 11 Mu tipart Question 12 Mu tipart Question 13 Mu tipart Question 14 Mu tipart Question 15 Mu tipart Question 16 Mu tiple Choice Question 17 Ma h Fill in the Blank Question 18 Math Fill in the Blank Viewing Question 19 Math Fill in the Blank 1 / 1 ./ Correct 0.33 / 1 W Partially correct 0.78/ 1 Q Partially correct 1 / 1 ~/ Correct 0.78/ 1 Q Partially correct / 1 Not started / 1 Not started 1 / 1 ~/ Correct / 1 Not started 1 / 1 ~/ Correct / 1 Not started 1/1 J Correct -/ 1 Not started