please answer all questions

please answer the questions and explain the reasonings

As of August, 2016, the US Department of Transportation calculated the Value of a Statistical Life at $9.6 million. Thus, any new safety policy, procedure or regulation is required to have shown to have a cost-per-life-saved of not more than the $9.6 million (2016 dollars). This is very unpopular with some segments of the population, who maintain that such a cut-off 'values profit over life' and that 'life is priceless', and, as such, 'there is no amount of money that is too much to save a life'. This is a counter-productive philosophy of safety management, and will result in the loss of more lives not less. This is because resources (money) are not infinite, and... money spent on a measure with costs more than the VSL per life saved would have saved more lives if spent on another, more cost-effective measure the government is funded by business interests who lobby heavily against any measure that will negatively affect their profits the societal value of life is entirely arbitrary, but we have to establish a limit somewhere the EPA demands that the DOT not spend more than the VSL per life saved A aviation charter company establishes and publishes an SOP (Standard Operating Procedures) that all flights will be conducted in accordance with all applicable regulations. Privately, however, they have a verballytransmitted (unwritten) policy that pilots are expected to descend to 50% of the published minima for approaches rather than do a missed approach (and fail to deliver the passengers to their desired destination). Under these circumstances, the organization's management is using the written policy document as something for 'public consumption', while, in fact, the organization is doing something completely different. William Starbuck coined a phrase to describe this type of organized deception; he called it an... organizational facade planned inappropriate operation Procedural intentional non-compliance (PiNC) Management-sanctioned policy devaition Human factors research has identified five hazardous attitudes that affect all pilots, and are contributors to many aviation accidents. They are: 1. impusivity 2. invulnerability 3. anti-authority 4. macho and 5....? resignation hesitance resistance immaturity