please answer both questions, no need for show work. Answer ASAp.

Which of the following reasons is NOT a likely cause of a Bullwhip effect in a supply chain? Price promotions and order discounts encourage order bunching and forward buying, leading to spikes and dips in receipt of orders Forecasting difficulties because demand is not really visible beyond one's immediate customer in the supply chain A sustained and constant decline in end customer demand Experienced or anticipated shortages can make buyers order more than they need, in anticipation that what they actually get would be less than the quantity they order Store A's EOQ order quantity is 40 cases and it slowest inventory level is O cases, what is its average inventory level (in cases)? 20 00 89 45 40