Question: please answer is with details a) What are the four essential properties that a cryptographic hash function must satisfy? b) What is the birthday attack

please answer is with details

a) What are the four essential properties that a cryptographic hash function must satisfy? b) What is the birthday attack against hash functions? Given an n-bit hash output, [4p] mathematically formulate the upper bound of collision probability of it. You can use approximations if needed [1lp]

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