Please answer questions on the attached word document

1. Using the MRR sampling method, calculate the predicted population size of the Lake Erie water snake given the following data: Initial number captured = 200 Number of subsequent captures = 150 Number of captures with marks = 25 2. Why do biologists use sampling as a technique to estimate population size? 3. A metapopulation is a regional assemblage of interacting, local populations whose dynamics are influenced by what 2 processes? 4. Match the term with its definition A. A metapopulation in which the extinction rate of local populations exceeds the recolonization rate. B. A metapopulation with high quality patches having large populations with a positive growth rate, and lower quality patches with negative growth rates. C. A metapopulation composed of many local populations that have equal probabilities of extinction and recolonization rates. D. A metapopulation characterized by high rates of immigration and emigration among patches. 1. Source-sink 2. Non-equilibrium 3. Classical 4. Patchy 5. Long-term metapopulation persistence is, therefore, influenced by? (check all that apply) A. the number of patches B. the quality of the patches C. the connectivity among patches D. the size of the patches 6. The Theory of Island Biogeography asserts that the number of species occupying an island is influenced by: A.the area of the island B.the degree of intra-specific competition C.the degree of inter-specific competition D.all above 7. The population model of Theory of Island Biogeography is now characterized as Main-Island metapopulation. This model is similar to the Source-Sink metapopulation type except that the extinction risk of the mainland population is lower or greater than that of the source population in the Source-Sink model? 8. Life history strategy theory states that species make trade-offs between adult growth and reproduction. A. True B. False 9. According to life history theory, species with high adult survivorship should favor what type of reproductive strategy, iteroparity or semelparity? 10. Match term with its definition A. Individuals in a population are able to survive without their presumptive mutualist. B. The portion of the niche that is actually usable by a species. C. When one species out competes another species for a shared resource. D. Plant parts or tissues with the high fitness value are better defended than other tissues. E. Compounds produced by plants for defense. F. The largest ecological niche that an organism could occupy in absence of competition. G. Individuals of a species are unable to survive without their mutualistic partner. H. The process of evolution and counter-evolution of chemical defenses and herbivores. I. No two species can occupy the same ecological niche. J. A negative interaction between species using behavioral tactics such as mimetic eggs and slavemaking. 1. Fundamental niche 2. Realized niche 3. Allelochemicals 4. Gause's Theorem 5. Obligatory mutualism 6. Facultative mutualism 7. Optimal Defense Theory 8. Competitively excluded species 9. Evolutionary Arms Race 10. Social parasitism 11. Host-parasite interactions are modeled using SIR models. Based on the SIR model, for a disease to spread it must have (check all that apply): A. a. the right combination of susceptible hosts B. b. high rates of transmission C. c. a long period for transmission 12. According to the Lotka-Voterra model, prey population growth follows the logistic model minus the overall predation rate. The overall predation rate consists of 2 components: 13. Refer the Final Exam worksheet, Tab 2. Indicate the type (I, II or III) of functional response shown in: a. Graph 1 b. Graph 2 c. Graph 3 14. Why do Type I functional responses typically lead to mutual extinction and types II and III to a stable point? 15. In modeling plant-herbivore interactions, there is a choice of 2 models to use: the logistic and the regrowth models. The______ model is best suited when most of the plants biomass is above ground (i.e., vulnerable to predation), while the ______ model is better for plants in which the majority of their biomass is not susceptible to predation. 16. What is the advantage of adopting an induced defense over a constitutive defense