please answer the following multiple choice questions, from 22-30.

22. Being knowledgeable about research and research methods helps professional managers to: a. Identify and effectively solve minor problems in the work setting. b. Know how to discriminate good from bad research. c. Appreciate and be constantly aware of the multiple influences and multiple effects of factors impinging on a situation. d. All of the above. 23. The manager should make sure while hiring researchers or consultants that: a. The roles and expectations of both parties are made explicit. b. Relevant philosophies and value systems of the organization are clearly stated, and constraints, if any, communicated. c. A good rapport is established with the researchers, and between the researchers and the employees in the organization, enabling the full cooperation of the latter. d. All of the above. 24. Rigor related to scientific investigation refers amongst others to: a. The probability that our estimations are correct. b. The idea that a simple model that explains a certain phenomenon has preference over a complex model. c. The fact that findings are generalizable. d. The fact that an investigation has a clear theoretical foundation. 25. Confidence as a characteristic of scientific investigation refers to: a. The probability that our estimations are correct. b. The idea that a simple model that explains a certain phenomenon has preference over a complex model. c. The fact that findings are generalizable. d. The fact that an investigation has a clear theoretical foundation. 26. Scientific investigation is characterized by a good theoretical base and a sound methodological design. These characteristics are both related to the ......... of the investigation. What must be filled on the line? a. Rigor. b. Precision and confidence. c. Objectivity d. Parsimony. 27. Which of the following answers cannot be an objective of preliminary research? a. Mapping out the research problem. b. Defining concepts. c. Interpreting research outcomes. d. Improving the relationship between the client and the performer of the investigation. 28. Which of the following parts does not belong to a theoretical framework? a. The hypotheses corresponding to the model. b. The operationalization of the used constructs of the model. c. A logical explanation of the relationships within a model. d. A graphical representation of the model. 29. Which type of study is most suitable when there is little to no insight in a certain problem or when there is no information available on how similar problems or research issues have been solved in the past? a. Exploratory study. b. Descriptive study. c. Causal study. d. Experiments. 30. A study in which data are gathered at more than one point in time is called ... a. A cross-sectional study. b. A longitudinal study. c. An experimental study. d. A randomized study