Question: Please answer the following question. Please use the correct notation and show all your work. Using potential outcome notation, explain why, when data comes from

Please answer the following question. Please use the correct notation and show all your work.

Using potential outcome notation, explain why, when data comes from a stratified random experiment, the average treatment effect is identified (meaning a formula for this object can be written in terms of distributions or expectations of only variables which are actually observed).

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