Please answer these questions as true or false.

$1.$ Aggregate planning or planning by groups of products seeks to find the combination of monthly work force, production, and inventory levels that minimizes total production$-$related costs over the planning period.

$2.$ The master production schedule disaggregates the aggregate production plan and specifies the amount on weekly basis for the manufacture of specific end products.

$3.$ In some firms, product demand can be affected through discount or advertising.

$4.$ The constraints on aggregate planning include union agreements, short$-$term physical capacity levels, and the amount of money that can be tied up in inventories.

$5.$ Aggregate planning considers the costs of regular and overtime labor, hiring, layoffs, inventory holding, backlogging, and subcontracting.

$6.$ The retailer's orders to the wholesaler display greater variability than the end

customer sales; the wholesaler's orders to the manufacturer show even more variability

$($oscillations$),$ and the manufacturer's orders to suppliers are the most volatile.

$7.$ Yield or revenue management is the process of allocating the right type of capacity to the right type of customer at the right price and time to maximize revenue

or yield.

$8.$ Yield management is useful when the customers are not sensitive to price.

$9.$ Yield management is useful when inventory is perishable.

$10.$ Yield management is useful when the product can be sold in advance.

$11.$ Yield management is useful when the demand is flat and does not vary over time.

$12.$ Aggregate planning is the primary vehicle for coordinating multiplant operations.

$13.$ Aggregate planning drives the levels of accounts receivable and accounts payable and also the short$-$term to medium$-$term requirements for cash to support operations and inventory.

$14.$ Inventory holding or carrying costs include lateness penalties, lost profits, and the costs of lost customers.

$15.$ A computerized material requirements planning $($MRP$)$ system provides a schedule that specifies when each of the materials, parts, and components for final products should be ordered or produced.

$16.$ With an MRP system, managers can see the planned schedule before the actual release of orders, and therefore, they take actions such as expedite, de$-$expedite, delay, or cancel orders; change order quantities; advance or delay order due dates; and make changes in the master production schedule and capacity.

$17.$ The capabilities of MRP systems lead to benefits like reduction in inventory, idle time, and set$-$up and tear$-$down costs; increases in sales; increased flexibility in specifying sales price, and better customer service and response to market demands.

$18.$ A large manufacturing facility that does everything $($highly vertically integrated$)$ can be constructed and operated more economically than a specialized plant.