Please answer this question from the case that is in the photos.

Objectives

Upon successful completion of this assignment, students will have achieved the following:

• identify elements of decision-making,
• analyze the problem and its various elements, and
• describe the theories used to address the problem(s) presented.

Brief Description

• Analyze a real-world business problem.

Submission Instructions

This project involves students analyzing a real-world business problem. The business problem will be presented to the class by the instructor at the start of the course. The business problem could be in the form of a case study or a short video discussing a specific IT-related problem relating to an organization. You will critically analyze the case study/video, summarize the key ideas, discuss the IT challenges, and present your recommendations.

This report will be organized as follows:

1. Introduction - Short summary of the business problem. This section will also include a background of the organization.
2. Challenges - Provide for a brief description of the challenges that the organization is facing and how they are planning to address them. This section will provide the audience with a picture of how the organization is planning to address some of the challenges.
3. Change Management Discuss how change is being managed by the organization.
4. Recommendations Discuss what you would have done differently and why.
5. Conclusions - Discuss the lessons learned and the key messages that you would like the audience to take away.

The report should not be more than 1000 words.

Answer should be according to the pictures that I posted.

Thank You

JITTC 1 of 5 Teaching Case Building a high-technology product out of India: The Intelli-Fi way Tede Th CA Teder Arre DO SSAGE Varadharajan Sridhar Abstract There has been a constant debate over the last decade as to whether the Indian information technolog sector should continue to be driven by services revenue or should the firms actively pursue in building high-technolog products. Dr Prashant Joshi, former lead researcher at AT&T Research and IBM Thomas Watson Research Centre. New York while returning to India in 2002, conceptualized that someday, the world would witness massive deployment of WIR networks and that these networks require acuve 24*7 management He incubated his start-up in Bangalore, India with a vision to build a Wifi secure management product suite for global markets. The case outlines the evolution of Intels- networks from a humble beginning to a strong network management firm wich instaled base all around the world. The case highlights the technical and managerial challenges of the firm and its entrepreneur founder in building a world class product Keywords WiFi Networks, network management cognitive networks, India start-up, cloud networks, tech entrepreneurship Preamble hused secure and massively scalable wifi network sola- tions for enterprises around the world Dr Prashant Joshi, a lead researcher at AT&T Research The products and solutions from Intelli-Fi Networks and IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Centre, New York, where he was a research member of the then emerging tech- have been acclaimed by its worldwide customers nologies such as Mobile IP, WiFi and Bluetooth, decided to How was intelli-Fi manage to product accessfully return to his native India in February 2002. While he was in in the crowded and commoditired technolog space! the air from the United States to India, it really struck him odd that while India had become well-known for informa- What were the main decisions that Dr Joshi tekin creating global product out of is development Centre tion technology (IT) services with home grown mammoths such as Infosys, Tata Consulting Services and Wipro, why did she miss the bus on IT products? Is there any disruption IT services versus product story in that he could create in the area of his passion that is com India munication networking, so that he could show to the world that Indian entrepreneurs could build global products! There has been a constant debate over the last decade as to Although he was flying to India to join his alma mater the whether the Indian IT sector held continue to be driven Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India as a faculty by services revenue or should they indulge themselves member, he decided against it and took this risky and adventurous path of being a tech entrepreneur. This tum of heational stute of formation Technology Papierende events, as an accidental entrepreneur as Dr Joshi cuphemis- tically puts it saw the birth of Intelli-Fi networks with corresponding author development centres in his home town of Bangalore in the Vardhan Sithar. Centre for IT and Public Policy.herton State of Karnataka in India. After a decade of hard work. Hour Road Banglore 540100. Kamata India usute of information Technology Bumplere, 2 Bectronic his venture became a leader in the provisioning of cloud Emalewach Sridhar 39 actively in product business. Recent NASSCOM reports Ecosis, 2004). In 1988, NCR Corporation, which show that product revenue contributes to less than 10% of wanted to use the unlicensed spectrum to hook up wireless total IT industry revenue (NASSCOM, 2017). Off-Late cash registers, approached the Institute of Electrical and companies such as Microsoft, IBM and SAP Labs have Electronics Engineers (IEEE), where a committee called been shifting their New Product Development to Indisce 802.3 had defined the Ethernet standard. A new committee tres. However, Indian software companies have not been called 802.11 was set up to formulate the standard specifi- active in product innovation. One measure of product cations for wireless local area networks (WLAN) that development innovation appears in patent data. A quick would operate in the unlicensed bands of 2.4 and 5.8GHz look at the US Patent Database (uspto gov) shows that also called as industrial, scientific and medical bands) Indian IT companies are still very far from firms such as approved by the Federal Communications Commission IBM (54,365). Microsoft (10,958), and SAP (603) in num-(FCC)This sparked a silent revolution in large US univer- ber of patents awarded sity campuses in the 1990s in research and deployment of There are inherent risks to developing software prod- WLANs. While many WLAN technologies were built ucts in India that explains the lack of product development throughout the 1990s, it was the establishment of the activity. A key determinant of the location of product 802.11b standard by the IEEE in December 2000, which development activity in software is the location of the user was later ratified by manufacturers as wireless fidelity It is explained by many researchers that whenever a firmis (WiFi), which set the stage for mass market development not near to the users, it is difficult to conceptualize the fca- deployment of WLAN products (Prasad and Sridhar, 2014) tures and functionalities of the product comprehensively Like the Internet and Web WiFi networks became a and incorporate them into the product architecture (Sridhar mass market technology due to open standards that and Vadivelu, 2011). This is particularly true with business unleashed powerful competitive forces and innovations and technology software in the areas of enterprise systems. There were an estimated 15-18 million 802.11b devices by mobile communications, and networking technologies. A 2002. Among the pecks, WiFi became a fascination, a good example is Israel's long-standing strength in security glimpse of the future of the Internet. Like the Web, it is software, thanks to the advanced local needs of Israeli open, unregulated and free. It doesn't require a loyalty cath defence forces. Since India, until now, was not matuted to the Telecom and Internet Service Providers. Anyone can enough for the adoption of technology-intensive IT prod- deploy it and millions did (Anderson, 2003). uets, the products, if developed, should be targeted at While this WiFi revolution was taking place, Dr Joshi developed markets in the United States, Europe, Japan, who had years of experience in designing wireless products Korea and the like. In this case, the firms that develop such at AT&T and IBM, strategized on riding on this wave products lack visibility on the comprehensive product However, by 2004, the WiFi products had become com- requirements specifications, and user needs which moditired, thanks to IEEE and WiFi alliance standardiza- increases the risk in the development process. Although tion and certifications Products started selling at low prices the domestic IT and telecom markets in India are develop with very little margin ing fast and hence provide a testing ground for products, it What were the options for Prashant to realize his dreams remains a dilemma for India-based technology firms of building a product? How could a start-up enter and sur- whether they should at all be involved in developing wive in the market where products are already standardized products, and commoditized with razor thin margins? It is the following thought that provoked Prashant Joshi Furthermore, should Prashant and team build a product to venture in to building global products using the technical for Indian market which was in the very early stages of and engineering skills available in plenty in India: WiFi adoption or for global market! If it was indeed for global market, how could the start-up compete with large I felt that the whole chaotic existence of India is a very fertile multinational firms to gamer any market share? ground for creativity. In the Vallcy everything is so smoothly running, you begin to wonder what value you're going to add And while there were several IT companies established in the first big idea: securing wireless India at that time, they were more IT services based und mit networks is the key for enterprises technology hased However, there was an interesting opportunity sensed by What product? Prashant. By their very design, WLANs afford open access Similar to cordless phones, they use radio waves to trans- In 1985, the Federal Communications Commission - the port data. Unless security is enabled, these signals can be telecom regulatory body in the United States-prompted by readily intercepted by nearby receivers. The IEEE 802.11 a visionary engineer on its staff, Michael Marcus, decided committee standardized wired equivalent privacy (WEP) to open several bands of wireless spectrum, allowing them which was found to have many weaknesses. The first prac- to be used without the need for a government licence (Thetical attack on WEP was identified by researchers Scott 40 Joumal of Information Technology Teaching Ceres 9(1) Fluhrer, Itsik Mantin and Adi Shamir, who found that, evenmany APs are required to provide coverage in a geographical with WEP enabled, third parties with a moderate amount of area. The APs are installed within (1) private faces such as technical know-how and resources could breach WLAN caprises, schools, universities and hospitals, 2) homes and security (WiFi Alliance, 2003). Subsequently, the WiFi alli- (3) public suces such as airports, restaurants also referred to ance introduced "WiFi protected access (WPA) that as public hospot) and railway stations. A typical enterprise addressed the vulnerabilities of WEP encryption-enhanced comprises of hundreds of APs connected to the enterprise act- user authentication schemes works to provide coverage across the firm Number of public Although the aforementioned security standards provided hotspots in the world is showing exponential increasing and is reasonable protection for individual users, they were inade expected to teach about 350million by 2018. It is predicted that quate for enterprise security and protection. Prashant recog. there will be one public hotspot for every 20 perces on the nized the need for wireless intrusion prevention systems carth (iPass, 2014) (WIPS), which is cost-effective, scalable and accurate Managing APs is a nightmare for any network depan However, Prashant was aware that there are hundreds of ment in an enterprise APs need to be configured and man such security products in the market, some of them fromaged for (1) coverage with good signal strength, 2) network pioneers such as Cisco authentication using service set identifier definition (SSID) and associated password granting mechanisms ) down How could Intelli-Fi networks continue to be ahead of the time due to power fluctuations and (4) intrusive protection curve and beat intense competition in the wou of wireless for rouge attacks and so on. If the number of APs exceeds 4 network socurity products? or 5. then they can be grouped together and managed by access controller (AC). However, ACs are also deployed at After the first pitch for funding. Prashant also realized the WiFi network location and hence to be monitored as that interesting technology solutions conceived of the well. Sometimes network engineers need to be sent to the Entrepreneurs may not necessarily be of interest to the site for inspection for firing faults at odd hours. When we Venture Capitalists unless it is proven to be scalable and have difficulty in Internet connectivity, typically Wifi gets unique the blame. The IT staff spend on an average 50% of their Prashant met Gopinath, also a graduate of one of the time troubleshooting WiFi-related complaints. Hence, it is famous IITs at a conference at the Indian Institute of very important for the network managers to keep WiFi net Science (LIS) in Bangalore, India. Gopinath was recruited works in good health with minimal down time to engineer security products that can be embedded into Prashant recognised this as an opportunity. He and his team WiFi devices and networks to provide enterprise-level conceptualized a cloud-based architecture, wherein the man security. Using comprehensive packet analysis, algorithmic agement control of the APs is moved to the cloud service classification schemes and prediction methodologies and instead of being deployed in local AC However, proprietary accurate location tracking, the team at Intelli-Fi built the cloud-based WiFi management solutions were already avail most comprehensive enterprise protection solution that ble from Cisco and other networking vendors could prevent all types of wireless threats. Currently, there are 1500+ plus private and public sec How could Intelli-Fi make a mark and enteri for enterprise across all key geographies that use Intelli-Fi competitive market security product line to prevent rogue attacks on their WiFi networks and take timely action Dr Joshi and his team realized that while the hardware of In 2012, the secure product line of Intelli-Fi was rated network clements are getting commoditized, and intelligent as one of the best WIPS compared with other products value added processing is shifting to software layers. In from firms such as Cisco, Aruba Networks Fluke Networks tune with this trend, Cumulus Networks sorted Open and Motorola Network Install Environment (ONIE) in 2012. The ONIE (2017) is an open source initiative that defines an open 'install environment for bare metal network switches After security, it is the cloud ONIE enables a bare metal network with ecosystem WiFi networks and devices have exponentially grown since where end users have a choice among different network them. According to WiFi Alliance, 3 billion WiFi devices are operating systems. This is very much beneficial for users expected to ship in 2018, and the installed huse is reaching as they are not vendor locked. They can mix and match 9.5 billion! The critical infrastructure in a WiFi network is the inter-working operating systems, hardware clements, net- access point (AP). APs are networking devices that allow wire work AP software, network controllet, and management less WiFi devices to connect typically to a backhaul wited net-software from different vendors. Soon after its launch work. The backhaul wired network is normally connected to many smaller vendors have started manufacturing minimal the Internet so that the WiFi devices are enabled Internet access metal network switches including WiFi APs that are ONIE Due to the limited range of radio spectrum in WiFi networks, compatible. This created a window of opportunities for Sridhar software product companies such as Intelli-Fi networks to WiFi access over 24 and 5GHz to 802.11n, 802.11ac Wave create layers of software suite for WiFi APS I and Wave 2 clients Intelli-Fi developed a 'cloud WiFi platform, through In 2016, Intelli-Fi released its fint WiFi AP with third radio which the ONIE-compatible APs can be controlled and that substantially improved the performance of APs, thus pro- managed. The cloud-based architecture makes it possible viding es with significantly better network experience for user organizations to scale up their WiFi networks with However, at the same time, Cisco also released APs with out adding expensive proprietary APs and technicians to third radio with similar functionalities troubleshoot at installation sites, Since cloud controllers collect information from all net- Con Intel-Fi compete effectively with the large firms with work APs, these data can be mined and analysed using their hepe salesforce and technical manpower in marketing its machine leaming algorithms to automatically detect network three main will firms such as Netgear who also develop anomalies, do root cause analysis and pinpoint solutions in Similar Abands with Instelli- for its clood based real time. Leveraging the powerful and scalable computing network management solutions to provide an integrated offering capabilities of the cloud. Intelli-Ft also developed Smart WiFi' that monitors about 300 performance variables of APS and determines what is normal for each environment, draws Proof is in the pudding baselines for the behaviour and highlights anomalies Baselines are provided for critical Wifi factors such as client Prashant with his grit and determination was able to create connectivity, poor performance, data rates, latency, and Intelli-Fi with a vision to develop high-tech products from applications. Smart Wifi leverages intelligent APs and the India for the global market. The dedicated team of about power of the cloud to simplify, automate and provide insights 250 engineers at Bangalore, India's centre of Intelli-Fi, into all aspects of WiFi operation, thus improving network continue toment the product line, keeping up with tech- performance, availability and reliability nology and business trends. It has been a long and satisfy- Intelli-Fi released the first version of its smart WiFi plating joumey for the academician tumed entrepreneur now form that embeds all the above in a single cloud platform in that the firm that he created has close to 2800 customers carly 2016. With the pay-as-you-go model, the cloud-based deploying 500,000+ devices across the globe management optimizes operational cost of maintaining Intclli-Fi raised over $46 million in funding, having large scale WiFi network deployment raised its first Series-A round of funding of S10 million Today, about 2750+ customers subscribe to the smart from early stage venture capitals, way back in 2003. In WiFi cloud platform of Intelli-Fi: 2017. Intelli-Fi raised $30 million in Series-E funding round. Revenge of Intelli-Fi touched about SSO million How can Intelli-Fi offer an integrated WiFi solutise to the Today, Intelli-Fi networks show a healthy trend with clo customer, including Arscloud management and smart WiFiTents, including Time Wamer Cable Food and Drug How does it compare with other competing platforms offered by Administration (FDA), Hilton, Overstock and ADP Cisco and HP Enterprise newest Waterstand the test of time Although its main development team is located at Bangalore, India, Intelli-Fi shifted its headquarters to Mountain View.Califomia, USA, to be nearer to the vibrant The third radio AP market for its product line. A veteran with 25 years of inter- Most modem WiFi devices are dual-band, meaning that national experience was recruited to lead its operations as they have two radios, one on 2.4GHz, originally designed CEO. Prasant continued to be the CTO, guiding the tech- to support devices running older WiFi protocols like nical efforts of Intel-Fi. 802.11a/b/g and a more modern 5GHz - 802.11ac running at higher speeds than 24GHz. A few of the key benefits of Not to forget India using the 5GHz band is that it occupies a channel that typi- cally has less interference is much less congested, and sup Intelisi has been selling its products and services mainly to ports better speeds, while the 2.4GHz band has better range clients based in the United States Opportunity knocked on its but is more susceptible to outside interference. Further indoer in the form of a mobile operator that made a very late 2009, IEEE standardized IEEE 802.11n that uses multiple entry in the Indian mobile services market. This new entrant input multiple output (MIMO) to increase data speeds up that participated in the spectrum action held in 2010 in India, to 600 Mbps. While the user demand for better performance and maticnide licence and spectrum in 2300MHz. After and more throughput continued, Intelli-Fi developed a much delay, the operator rolled out its first fourth-generation technique by which all the control and management fune long-term evolution (4G-LTE) network in the country in 2017, tions such as spectrum scanning and intrusion prevention Being a later entrant, the operator had to leverage technology checking can be assigned dedicatedly to a third ratio to provide better customer experience to acquire and retain antenna. Dedicating the third radio to any of these functions cibers to compete against well-entrenched incumbent tel- leaves the other two radios free to deliver high-performance co WiFi penetration las been and is poor in India. One of the 42 Joumal of Information Technology Teaching Cases 9(0) main reason is the lack of high capacity backhaul. However, 7. What could be the future of Intelli-Fi? Is it prone to the operator was one of the first teloos in India to consider WiFi as a serious option to improve broadband connectivity The operator embarked on a massive deployment of WiFi net: Declaration of conflicting interests works in the country, Intelli-Fi was chosen as a prefered part. The used declared to potential conflicts of interest with ner by the operator in its efforts to build WiFi hotspots in the respect to the research whip and publication of this country. In one of the first carrier WiFi deployment, Intelli-Fi article deployed about 100,000 WiFi APs that are the managed by its cloud-based surt WiFi architecture. The operator was able Funding to leverage the products of Intelli-Fi across the following pri The wheets) neceived s financial support for the research, mary use cases authorship and publication of this article 1. Hotspots at public locations for providing data con Note nectivity to its travelling subscribers 2. At colleges and educational Institutions, where Dt Jeshi sa peadowym for the purposes of the case. there is a captive WiFi user base of students; 3. At select locations, especially at indoces for off-load ORCID ID ing heavy traffic away from its 4G LTE network to Varadhanajan Sridharmacier 0000-0000-1035-9908 WiFi to relieve the load on the cellular network References Anderson (2003) The Wrevolution Available at: https:// Future beckons www.wired.com 2003.05 wifirevolution (accessed 11 May The excitement around WiFi does not seem to end. With the 2018) development of IEEE 802.11ad that operates in the high-fre iPass (2014) Wifi gw mapAvailable at: hapa www.ipes.com pecclemesipass growth mapshows-one-public-hot- quency 60GHz spectrum, access speeds of up to 1Gbps are spot-for-people-co-cath-by-2018 accessed 2 April possible. The WiFi alliance is also promoting fixed wireless 2019 local loop using IEEE 802.11ay, which gives emerging coun- National Association for Stware and Services Companies tries such as India to provide reliable last-mile access. World NASSCOM (2017) 17-BPM Industry in India Sustaining over, the V-band (i.c.60GHz hand) has been delicensed for growth and investing for the future the proliferation of the above technologies Open Network Install Enviroment (ONIE (2017) Available at: There is a new thrust for setting up 5 million public WiFi litter accessol 2 April 2019 hotspots by 2020 in the National Digital Communications and Red Sridhar V (2014) The Dynamics of Spectrum Policy 2018 of India. All these provide huge opportunities Management Legacy Technology and Economics. Oxford: for Intelli-Fi networks Oxford Liversity Press Sridhar VVS (2011) Challenges in Developing Products for and Mobile Market Sales Having grown to a successful firm deploying the cutting edge WiFi technologies, should Intelli-Fi and its founders look for Experience (Case Reference Nec 0964590) Lung Fu Shun. exit? If so, is it an Initial Public Offering (IPOor selling Hong Kong Asia Case Research Centre. The University of Hong Kong stakes to a larger networking company? The Economist (3004) A brief history of Wi-Fi. The Economist 10 June Available at himps Www.conomist.com Suggested case questions nede 2726597 (accessed 11 May 2018) WiFi Alliance (2003) Securg W-Fi wireless networks with 1. What should be the focus of toch entrepreneurs such today's technologies Available at http://kambingwiac as Dr Prashant Joshi while building products for a idonourbo library library-ref-engref-eng-3 physical global market? wireless security/wp 4 Securing 20 Wireless%20 2. How is IT product development different from IT Networks 2663 pdf accessed 11 May 2015 services? 3. Should a firm such as Intelli-Fi concentrate on Author biography products, services or both? Varadharan Sridhar sehr of two books published by the 4 What are the characteristics of an entrepreneur that Oxford University Press The Telecom Revolution India could lead to success in the venture? How do you Techmale Rei Policy (2012) and The Dynamics of see them manifesting in Dr Prashant Joshi? Spretru Marmat: Legacy Technolog and Economics 5. What is the future of WiFi and related products 2014). His third book titled Egg ICT Police and Regulation 6. What could be the augmentation to Intelli-Fi's smart Real Digital Ece is in process and expected to be cloud platform? completed in 2019 Springer Nature Publications